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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe the group of writers who broke away from traditional theatre in the 1950s and 1960s?

Absurdism

Who wrote the book that helped shape the understanding of Absurdist Theatre?

Martin Esslin

Which of the following playwrights are considered early Absurdist Playwrights?

  • Samuel Beckett
  • Eugene Ionesco
  • Jean Genet
  • All of the above (correct)

Absurdist plays are always well-received and loved by audiences.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Martin Esslin, what was the main reason audiences struggled to understand Absurdist Plays?

<p>They challenged traditional ideas about theatre</p> Signup and view all the answers

Absurdist playwrights saw themselves as part of a specific group or movement.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Albert Camus, what creates the feeling of absurdity?

<p>When the universe loses its illusions and meaning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Eugene Ionesco's definition of the absurd?

<p>Something that has no purpose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Martin Esslin believe Absurdist Plays conveyed?

<p>The pain and confusion of being human.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Absurdist Plays often do with dialogue?

<p>They experiment with language, moving away from realistic or traditional dialogue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the mixture of tragedy and comedy often found in Absurdist Plays?

<p>Tragicomedy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Expressionism focused on showing what people think and feel inside.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dadaism was a reaction to the failures of rational thought, which many believed led to World War II.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Surrealism was a more positive approach to art, focusing on freeing the imagination.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who argued that the term "Theatre of the Absurd" was a problematic label?

<p>Edward Albee</p> Signup and view all the answers

The "Angry Young Men" movement focused on criticizing traditional British society and its class system.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of John Osborne's play that is considered the defining work of the Angry Young Men movement?

<p>Look Back in Anger</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Royal Court Theatre become a hub for in 1956?

<p>New British drama</p> Signup and view all the answers

Harold Pinter is known for his "comedies of menace", focusing on working-class anxieties and power dynamics.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following plays is NOT written by Harold Pinter?

<p>Equus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tom Stoppard is known for blending absurdism and postmodernism in his plays.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Peter Shaffer's Equus and Amadeus are considered examples of the influence of the counterculture on British theatre.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 1968 Theatres Act abolished state censorship of scripts in Britain.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered a pioneer in British Theatre, bringing working-class life and language to the stage in the 1950s?

<p>Shelagh Delaney</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term often used to describe the era of writers who criticized traditional British society, particularly focusing on the social and economic plight of the working class?

<p>Angry Young Men</p> Signup and view all the answers

The "New Left" movement emphasized a connection between cultural and political events.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Postcolonial literature emerged as a direct response to the events of World War II.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term "Postmodern" is derived from "modernism" and suggests a rejection of its ideas and principles.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the new phase of capitalism that emerged after World War II, marked by globalization and consumerism?

<p>Late Capitalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

The internet meme is an example of postmodern text, demonstrating ideas of recycling and borrowing in contemporary culture.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Modernism believed that art was constantly evolving towards original and novel creations.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Postmodernism rejects the notion of artistic genius, arguing that all art is a product of borrowing and remixing existing ideas.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a fictional society that presents a negative view of a future world, often highlighting the dangers of social control, technology, or environmental decline?

<p>Dystopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

The concept of Utopia was created by John Stuart Mill.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dystopian literature is considered to have emerged as a direct response to the French Revolution?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In dystopian narratives, characters are always content and compliant with their oppressive society. They rarely rebel.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote The Time Machine, a key dystopian novel exploring class divisions and the impact of technology in society?

<p>H.G. Wells</p> Signup and view all the answers

E.M. Forster's The Machine Stops (1909) critiques modernity and the dominance of technology in society, while suggesting a glimmer of hope for humanity's resilience.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a narrative technique where a text draws attention to its own fictional nature?

<p>Metafiction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Modernist fiction places an emphasis on clear and objectively presented truths.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Modern Drama, as a trend, aimed to shock and alienate its audience, moving away from traditional naturalism and towards more experimental forms.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered a pioneer of modern drama, known for his work in expressing psychological depth and social commentary through humorous and witty comedies?

<p>Oscar Wilde</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is known for introducing the "alienation effect" into drama, aiming to break the illusion of realism and encourage critical thinking?

<p>Bertolt Brecht</p> Signup and view all the answers

Antonin Artaud is credited with developing the "theatre of cruelty", which emphasizes strong emotive responses from the audience.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Eugene Ionesco is known for his work in the "theatre of the absurd", which often features highly emotional and realistic depictions of human experience.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Joseph Conrad, a British author known for his introspective and morally complex narratives, is often considered a proto-Modernist writer who anticipated many of the themes and styles later explored in modernist fiction.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the novel that is considered a landmark in Psychological and Political fiction?

<p>Heart of Darkness</p> Signup and view all the answers

Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is a linear narrative, following a straightforward chronology of events.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Conrad’s Marlow is a reliable narrator, who provides a clear and definitive understanding of the events he describes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Heart of Darkness primarily focuses on the external events and actions within the story, offering straightforward explanations of the plot.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the novel that features a war-torn Britain ruled by a police state, where an anarchist named V leads a rebellion against tyranny?

<p>V for Vendetta</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Children of Men by P.D. James is a bleak dystopian novel that depicts a world where environmental disasters and societal collapse have led to a complete lack of hope.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go is set in a world where individuals are treated as commodities or products, dehumanized by a system that treats them as disposable.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the postcolonial novel that explores the experiences of migrants from the Caribbean and their struggles to adapt to life in London?

<p>The Lonely Londoners</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 1990s saw a shift in postcolonial literature, with a growing focus on exploring the specific experiences of individual migrant communities and second-generation Britons.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Salman Rushdie is considered a key figure in postcolonial literature, known for his exploration of hybrid identities and challenging colonial narratives, as seen in his novel Midnight's Children.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Postcolonial writers often challenge traditional English literature, presenting alternatives to its inward-looking and defensive perspectives.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Postcolonial criticism emerged primarily from the study of literary texts, with little to no focus on historical, social, or political contexts.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The "mimicry" concept in postcolonial theory describes the process where colonized populations actively resist and reject the colonizers' cultural values.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The concept of the "uncivilized native", which was popularized in colonial literature, emphasizes the idea of the native as innocent and pure, untouched by the corruption of Western civilization

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale draws inspiration from similar themes of gender inequality and social control that are explored in Katharine Burdekin's Swastika Night.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four is considered a landmark dystopian novel, focusing on the horrors of totalitarianism and the dangers of technology in shaping and controlling society.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cultural control of society in Nineteen Eighty-Four relies heavily on surveillance and propaganda, but the characters still retain individual freedom and expression.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The New Wave Science Fiction movement of the 1960s emerged as a reaction against the counterculture and its social and political activism.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

J.G. Ballard's works, such as Crash, Concrete Island, and High Rise, explore the psychological and emotional effects of a sterile and controlled environment.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The concept of individual loneliness is a central theme in modernist fiction, reflecting the era's anxieties about the loss of traditional societal structures and the search for meaning.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Modernist fiction often embraces open-ended narratives, reflecting the uncertainty and complexity of modern life.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Modernist writers often use a straightforward and consistent narrative voice, presenting a clear and objective understanding of events and characters.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The "theatre of the absurd" is a movement specifically focused on exploring the dangers and consequences of technological advancement.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Atonement by Ian McEwan is considered to be a significant work in the post-colonial literary tradition, focusing on the challenges of migration and cultural displacement.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ian McEwan has written many novels and screenplays, dealing with the themes of social commentary, psychological depth, and morality.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In recent years, Ian McEwan has publicly denounced the actions of Hamas and Israel, expressing his concerns about the political landscape and the need for greater understanding and diplomacy.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The film adaptation of Atonement won several prestigious awards, including Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Director.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Absurdist Theater

A literary style that emerged in the mid-20th century, primarily as a response to the devastation of World War II. It often deals with the themes of existentialism, absurdity, and alienation.

Theater of the Absurd

A type of absurdist theater where characters engage in illogical and nonsensical conversations, often without a clear plot structure.

Absurdity

The idea that life is meaningless and without inherent purpose, often stemming from experiencing traumatic events or a lack of faith. This idea is connected to existentialism and challenges the traditional search for meaning.

Expressionism

An artistic movement that focused on expressing inner emotions and thoughts rather than just outer reality. It often used distorted language and exaggerated imagery to represent these feelings.

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Dadaism

An artistic movement that rejected logic and order, embracing nonsense and chaos. It was a response to the failures of rational thought, particularly in the lead-up to World War I.

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Surrealism

An artistic movement that emphasized the power of imagination and the subconscious mind. It aimed to explore dreams and free association to understand human thought and improve the world.

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Tragicomedy

A genre in literature that blends elements of tragedy and comedy, often leading to a sense of absurdity and melancholy. It's commonly found in absurdist plays and novels.

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Absurdist Plays

A type of absurdist theater characterized by its lack of traditional structure, often with no clear plot, characters, or dialogue. It can be seen as a response to the world feeling chaotic and pointless.

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Albert Camus

A French philosopher who wrote extensively on the themes of absurdity and existentialism, exploring the idea that life has no inherent meaning and individuals must create their own.

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Eugène Ionesco

A French playwright known for his absurdist plays that explore the themes of language, communication, and identity. His play 'The Bald Soprano' is a classic example.

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Harold Pinter

A British playwright known for his

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Tom Stoppard

A British playwright known for his witty and intelligent plays that blend absurdism with postmodernism, exploring themes of time, identity, and theatricality. His plays are often very clever and thought-provoking.

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Joe Orton

A British playwright known for his dark and unsettling comedies that challenge traditional social norms and expose hidden truths about relationships and power. His plays are often full of suspense and unexpected twists.

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Shelagh Delaney

A British playwright known for her groundbreaking plays that explored feminist themes of class, race, and sexuality. Her play 'A Taste of Honey' broke taboos about working-class lives and challenged traditional gender roles.

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Caryl Churchill

A British playwright known for her plays that explore issues of gender, class, and politics, using stylized language and experimental techniques. Her play 'Cloud Nine' is a good example.

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Pam Gems

A British playwright known for her plays that explore themes of misogyny and feminism, often using humor and camp to tell stories about strong women. Her play 'Piaf' is a famous portrayal of the singer Édith Piaf.

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Sarah Daniels

A playwright known for combining naturalistic 'kitchen sink' realism with experimental language, creating a distinctive style that both reflects everyday life and challenges expectations.

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Postmodernism

A period in cultural history following World War II and marked by significant changes in technology, globalization, and social attitudes. It is characterized by a questioning of traditional values and a blurring of boundaries between high culture and popular culture.

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Late Capitalism

A stage where capitalism expands its influence into nearly every aspect of society and the global economy is increasingly driven by consumerism. It's often linked to postmodernism and marked by technological advancements and a blurring of the real and the virtual.

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Cultural Eclecticism

The merging of different cultural elements, often reflecting globalization and a shift in social attitudes where people embrace diverse influences in their daily lives.

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Jean Baudrillard

A French philosopher known for his writings on postmodernism, specifically his concept of simulation. He explores how technological advancements and media saturation have blurred the lines between reality and representation, leading to a world of signs and symbols that lack true meaning.

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Simulation

A process where we interact with representations and simulations of reality rather than experiencing the real thing. It can be seen as a consequence of technological advancements and the media saturation of modern life.

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Postcolonial Literature

A type of writing that focuses on the realities of life in former European colonies, encompassing themes such as race, identity, colonialism, and the lasting effects of imperialism. It's often characterized by experimental forms and a questioning of traditional narratives.

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The Windrush Generation

A generation of people who migrated to Britain from the Caribbean and other former colonies after World War II. Their arrival significantly impacted British society, culture, and literature.

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Angry Young Men

A style of writing that emerged in the 1950s and 1960s, often centered around young, working-class men who were disillusioned with British society and its rigid class system.

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Kitchen Sink Realism

A theatrical movement in Britain that arose in the 1950s and challenged traditional theatrical realism. It focused on everyday life and social struggles, especially among working-class Britons. It's often called 'kitchen-sink realism'.

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Historiographic Metafiction

A type of fiction that combines elements of historical narrative with metafictional elements, acknowledging the constructed nature of history and challenging traditional historical accounts.

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Stream of Consciousness

A fictional approach that focuses on the internal experiences and thoughts of characters, often mimicking the flow of consciousness. It's often used in modernist literature to show how individuals perceive and make sense of the world.

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Realism

A style of writing that aims to create a believable and realistic portrayal of life, including details about setting, actions, and characters' motivations. It often seeks to mirror real-life events and social issues.

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Modernism

A literary and artistic movement that emerged in the early 20th century. It challenged traditional artistic forms and emphasized individuality, subjectivity, and the changing nature of reality. It's known for its experimental techniques and a shift away from traditional realism.

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Metafiction

A fictional technique where a story refers to itself, often blurring the lines between reality and fiction. It's commonly found in postmodern literature.

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Irony

A literary technique that uses language in a way that contradicts its literal meaning, often creating a sense of irony or humor. It's commonly used in postmodern writing to critique or challenge conventional ideas.

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Postmodern Fiction

A type of fiction that emphasizes the constructed nature of stories, often by incorporating elements of self-reflexivity, irony, and metafiction. It challenges traditional notions of realism and explores the complexities of both fiction and reality.

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