Institutional Economics

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Questions and Answers

What is the main reason for sales being an important goal for all firm members?

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of sales staff
  • To maximize profits
  • To ensure stable and survival of the firm (correct)
  • To increase market share

How might sales goals and profit goals conflict in terms of pricing strategy?

  • Both require the same pricing strategy
  • Profit goals require lower prices (correct)
  • Both goals are independent of pricing strategies
  • Sales goals require higher prices

In what scenario might a firm prioritize market share goal over sales goal?

  • When expanding production capacity is the focus
  • When profit maximization is the main objective
  • When market growth is a priority (correct)
  • When maintaining sales volume is crucial

Why might a large corporation not have profit maximization as its primary objective?

<p>Because of separation of management from ownership (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the form of business influence the choice of goal or motive to be pursued by the firm?

<p>It shapes the strategic goals and motivations of the firm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on institutional pattern, how can firms be classified according to the text?

<p>By their pattern of ownership (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of market structures, what is the main concern of Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) studies?

<p>Market performance and structure relationship (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does a monopolist in a monopoly market charge a price higher than its additional costs of production?

<p>To maximize profits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of a monopoly's product demand leads to the monopolist charging higher prices?

<p>Elasticity of demand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Conduct' refer to in the context of monopoly market structure?

<p>Pricing behavior of firms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily determines the competitiveness of a market according to the text?

<p>Barriers to entry for new firms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of an SCP study when analyzing market performance?

<p>Consumer benefits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main argument of the transaction cost school according to the text?

<p>Lowering the costs of transactions is key to economic performance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are considered key transaction costs according to the text?

<p>Coordination and negotiation expenses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do environmental factors like uncertainty and number of firms affect transaction costs according to the text?

<p>They increase the costs of transactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the key human factors affecting transaction costs as mentioned in the text?

<p>Bounded rationality and opportunism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When uncertainty is combined with bounded rationality, what potential problem arises?

<p>Increase in problems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the objective of Chapter Two based on the text?

<p>Understand firm ownership and control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of firms as economic entities?

<p>Maximizing profits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a business organization, which of the following is NOT typically considered a member?

<p>Judges (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does market structure refer to?

<p>The pattern in which the constituent parts are arranged together (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'seller concentration' in market structure refer to?

<p>The number and size distribution of producing firms in the market (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'monopsony' an example of?

<p>Monopoly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'product differentiation' in market structure refer to?

<p>The difference in products of firms in the market (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does unbounded rationality refer to in the context of contract design?

<p>Considering all possible future events (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary problem addressed by principal-agent theory?

<p>Ensuring the interests of shareholders are advanced by the manager (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does moral hazard refer to in the context of contracts?

<p>Possibility of agent behaving differently due to the contract (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of controlling moral hazard, what is bonding?

<p>Agents promise to pay a sum if inappropriate behavior is detected (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does transaction cost theory define transaction costs?

<p>Costs incurred in enforcing property rights and carrying out transactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is transaction cost theory considered inappropriate according to the text?

<p>When property rights over the good cannot be established (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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