Institutional Corrections Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is banishment?

A type of penal code

A punishment involving solitary confinement

A system of rehabilitation

A punishment that requires offenders to leave the community (correct)

What does the term 'transportation' refer to in the context of punishment?

Transportation of offenders to colonies for work (correct)

Incarceration in a local jail

Transporting inmates to their homes

Moving prisoners to different sectors within a prison

What are workhouses?

European forerunners of the modern U.S. prison where offenders learned discipline and regular work habits.

What is penology?

The study of prison management and the treatment of offenders. Signup and view all the answers

What is the panopticon design?

A prison design that features a round building with tiers of cells lining the inner circumference and facing a central inspection tower. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Pennsylvania System?

An early system of U.S. penology in which inmates were kept in solitary cells to study and reflect. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Auburn System?

An early system of penology where inmates worked and ate in silence during the day and were placed in solitary cells for the evening. Signup and view all the answers

What does the medical model in corrections imply?

A theory that views crime as symptomatic of personal illness in need of treatment. Signup and view all the answers

What is privatization in the context of institutional corrections?

The involvement of the private sector in the construction and operation of confinement facilities. Signup and view all the answers

The incarceration rate is derived by dividing the number of people incarcerated by the population of the area and multiplying the result by __________.

100,000 Signup and view all the answers

What is a classification facility?

A facility where newly sentenced offenders are assessed for security risks and needs. Signup and view all the answers

What does a custody level indicate?

The degree of precaution needed when working with an inmate. Signup and view all the answers

What are cocorrectional facilities?

Small, minimum-security institutions that house both men and women. Signup and view all the answers

What is a lockup?

A very short-term holding facility for suspects pending further inquiry. Signup and view all the answers

What functions do jails perform?

<ul> <li>Receive individuals pending arraignment and trials.</li> <li>Re-admit probation, parole, and bond violators.</li> <li>Temporarily detain juveniles.</li> <li>Hold mentally ill persons and others.</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What are common issues found in most prisons?

<ul> <li>Old facilities</li> <li>Overcrowded conditions</li> <li>Lack of services or programs</li> <li>Inadequate staffing</li> <li>Unsanitary conditions</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What is a snitch system?

A system where staff receive information from inmate informants about security threats. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Institutional Corrections Overview

Banishment: Historical punishment requiring offenders to leave their community, often to wilderness areas.
Transportation: Offenders sent from their home to colonies for work as a form of punishment.

Early Institutions and Concepts

Workhouses: Early European institutions aimed at instilling discipline and work habits, predecessors of modern U.S. prisons.
Penology: The study dedicated to prison management and offender treatment.
Panopticon: A round prison design allowing centralized supervision of inmates in individual cells.

Systems of Confinement

Pennsylvania System: Early American penology method using solitary confinement for reflection, religious study, and handicrafts.
Auburn System: Confined inmates during the night and allowed them to work and eat in silence during the day, promoting discipline.

Correctional Theories

Medical Model: Viewed crime as a personal illness needing treatment, prevalent in the mid-20th century.
Privatization: Involvement of private entities in building and managing confinement facilities.

Incarceration Metrics

Incarceration Rate: Calculated by incarcerated individuals per capita, expressed per 100,000 people to compare incarceration levels.

Facility Types and Security Levels

Classification Facility: Assess newly sentenced offenders' security needs for institutional assignment.
Custody Level: Classifies inmate security precautions needed during interaction.
Cocorrectional Facilities: Minimum-security institutions housing both genders for normalized interactions during the day.
Lockup: Short-term holding facilities near police agencies for suspects awaiting further inquiry.
Jail: Local facilities holding convicted and unconvicted individuals for brief periods.

Inmate Safety and Management

Protective Custody: Segregation of inmates for their protection.
Administrative Segregation: Isolation of inmates to prevent harm to others.
Conjugal Visits: Allow married inmates private time with spouses or partners to maintain relationships.

Security and Control in Prisons

Snitch System: Staff rely on inmate informants for contraband and security threats.
Milieu Therapy: Group therapy that encourages positive behavior through the entire living environment.
Crisis Intervention: Counseling to help inmates manage crises.

Correctional Challenges and Programs

Less-Eligibility Principle: Prisoners should not receive better services than those available to non-incarcerated citizens.
Rehabilitation Programs: Aimed at inmate improvement but often hindered by issues like lack of funding and interrupted schedules.

Historical Context and Reform

Origins of Confinement: Used primarily for detention prior to the 1600s, such as holding pre-trial detainees and coercing payments.
Penal Reformers: Notable figures like Cesare Beccaria, John Howard, and Jeremy Bentham influenced modern corrections.
First State Prison: The Walnut Street Jail, opened in Philadelphia.

Modern Incarceration Trends

Incarceration Boom: Significant rate increases from 1973 to 2008, with a subsequent decrease noted.
Prison Demographics: Overwhelmingly male (93%) and disproportionately Black (43%) compared to the general population.

Characteristics of Inmate Populations

State Prison Characteristics: Majority male, mostly offenders under 35, often uneducated, and previously employed.
Federal Inmates: Typically more educated, less young, predominantly married, and a significant percentage serving time for drug offenses.

Operational Structures

Decentralized Management: Institutional corrections features a diffuse and decentralized administrative structure.
Federal Institutions: Managed under the Federal Bureau of Prisons, adhering to federal requirements affecting state prison operations.

Security Levels in Prisons

Maximum Security: High security with armed guards and strict monitoring.
Medium Security: Less restrictive with dormitory-style living and barbed wire.
Minimum Security: Open environment allowing good behavior inmates more freedoms, such as work release.

Inmate Interaction and Movements

Daily Operations: Routines include daily counts, monitoring inmate movements, and security searches to prevent contraband and avoid disruptions.

Rehabilitation Program Effectiveness

Program Hurdles: Shortened workdays and funding issues further reduce the effectiveness of educational and vocational training within prisons.

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Description

This quiz focuses on key terms and concepts related to institutional corrections, as discussed in Chapter 10. You will learn about historical punishments such as banishment and transportation, as well as the role of workhouses. Enhance your understanding of these key terms through engaging flashcards.

Institutional Corrections Flashcards - Chapter 10