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Questions and Answers
What is the process of shedding the old cuticle called?
What is the process of shedding the old cuticle called?
What is the term for the developmental history of an organism from egg to adult?
What is the term for the developmental history of an organism from egg to adult?
Which type of metamorphosis involves a complete transformation from egg to adult?
Which type of metamorphosis involves a complete transformation from egg to adult?
What is the term for the formation of new cuticle with a greater surface area?
What is the term for the formation of new cuticle with a greater surface area?
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Which group of insects undergoes ametabolous development?
Which group of insects undergoes ametabolous development?
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What is the term for the process of development from egg to adult in insects?
What is the term for the process of development from egg to adult in insects?
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Which type of metamorphosis involves a series of nymph stages?
Which type of metamorphosis involves a series of nymph stages?
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What is the term for the process of growth in insects?
What is the term for the process of growth in insects?
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What is the stage of development shown in Figure A?
What is the stage of development shown in Figure A?
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What is the process of producing eggs in a female insect's body called?
What is the process of producing eggs in a female insect's body called?
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What is the purpose of the ovipositor in a female insect?
What is the purpose of the ovipositor in a female insect?
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What is the term for the reproduction method where the female insect lays eggs?
What is the term for the reproduction method where the female insect lays eggs?
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What is the function of the micropyle in an insect egg?
What is the function of the micropyle in an insect egg?
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What is the stage of development shown in Figure F?
What is the stage of development shown in Figure F?
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How do female insects typically receive sperm from their male partners?
How do female insects typically receive sperm from their male partners?
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What is the term for the outermost layer of an insect egg?
What is the term for the outermost layer of an insect egg?
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What is the first step in the molting process of insects?
What is the first step in the molting process of insects?
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Which insects are referred to as nymphs?
Which insects are referred to as nymphs?
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Which stage is NOT part of the complete metamorphosis process?
Which stage is NOT part of the complete metamorphosis process?
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What do mayflies indicate about water quality?
What do mayflies indicate about water quality?
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Which insect group is noted for successfully using complete metamorphosis?
Which insect group is noted for successfully using complete metamorphosis?
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What is the adult stage of a holometabolous insect called?
What is the adult stage of a holometabolous insect called?
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What is the primary function of the spermatheca in female insects?
What is the primary function of the spermatheca in female insects?
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During fertilization, what process occurs between the sperm nucleus and the egg nucleus?
During fertilization, what process occurs between the sperm nucleus and the egg nucleus?
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What characterizes embryogenesis in insects compared to human development?
What characterizes embryogenesis in insects compared to human development?
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What is the fate of the ectodermal germ layer during insect development?
What is the fate of the ectodermal germ layer during insect development?
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Which layer contributes to the formation of tissues such as the heart and muscles during insect development?
Which layer contributes to the formation of tissues such as the heart and muscles during insect development?
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Which type of pupae has developing appendages held tightly against the body by a shell-like casing?
Which type of pupae has developing appendages held tightly against the body by a shell-like casing?
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What initiates the embryogenesis process in insects?
What initiates the embryogenesis process in insects?
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What describes the appearance of exarate pupae?
What describes the appearance of exarate pupae?
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Which of the following insects is example of a coarctate pupa?
Which of the following insects is example of a coarctate pupa?
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Which organ system in insects is formed from the mesodermal layer?
Which organ system in insects is formed from the mesodermal layer?
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What happens to the bee's egg once it becomes fertilized?
What happens to the bee's egg once it becomes fertilized?
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What type of pupae are commonly found within a silken cocoon?
What type of pupae are commonly found within a silken cocoon?
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Which insect family is an example of exarate adecticous pupae?
Which insect family is an example of exarate adecticous pupae?
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In which type of pupae are the developing appendages visible and not tightly held against the body?
In which type of pupae are the developing appendages visible and not tightly held against the body?
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Which of the following is NOT a pupal type listed in the content?
Which of the following is NOT a pupal type listed in the content?
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What is a characteristic of exarate decticous pupae?
What is a characteristic of exarate decticous pupae?
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Study Notes
Insect Development and Growth
- Insects have various growth phases: egg, immature development, and emergence of an adult.
Life History Patterns & Structures
- Insect growth is discontinuous, with size increases through molting (formation of new cuticle of greater surface area) and subsequent ecdysis (shedding of the old cuticle)
- There are two forms of metamorphosis: incomplete and complete
- Types of metamorphosis:
- Ametabolous: no metamorphosis, characterized by a primitive developmental pattern
- Hemimetabolous: incomplete metamorphosis, growth occurs through a series of molts
- Holometabolous: complete metamorphosis, with four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult
Hemimetabolism
- Incomplete metamorphosis, characterized by growth from one nymph stage to the next through molting
- Immature insects that undergo incomplete metamorphosis are called nymphs
- Examples: southern green stink bug, dragonflies, and damselflies
Holometabolism
- Complete metamorphosis, with four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult
- Characterized by significant changes in form and structure between stages
- Examples: most successful insect groups, such as Endopterygota
Egg Structure
- In most insects, life begins as an independent egg through oviparity
- Egg production by the female's body is called oogenesis, and the egg-laying process is called oviposition
- Eggs are genetically unique and often physically distinct, with shapes such as spherical, ovate, conical, or sausage-shaped
Ferilization
- A female receives sperm from a male partner during mating
- Sperm is stored in a special part of the female reproductive system, the spermatheca
- As a developing egg moves past the opening to the spermatheca, a few sperm are released onto its surface
- The sperm swim towards the micropyle, and the first one to reach its destination enters and injects its nucleus into the egg, forming a diploid zygote
Embryogenesis
- Embryogenesis is a developmental process that begins once the egg has been fertilized
- It involves the multiplication of cells, growth, movement, and differentiation into all the tissues and organs of a living insect
Morphogenesis
- Morphogenesis is the process of forming the shape and structure of an insect
- It involves the formation of germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) that give rise to different tissues and organs
Pupal Types
- Pupae can be grouped into three categories based on physical appearance:
- Obtect (chrysalis-like)
- Exarate (developing appendages free and visible externally)
- Coarctate (body encased within the hard exoskeleton of the next-to-last larval instar)
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Description
Learn about the life cycle of insects, including growth phases, metamorphosis, and structural changes. Understand types of metamorphosis and how insects grow and develop.
