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Questions and Answers
What type of antennae have segments at the tip that are flattened and nested, resembling a folding fan?
What type of antennae have segments at the tip that are flattened and nested, resembling a folding fan?
Which part of the insect mouthparts is described as a simple plate hinged to the exoskeleton of the head?
Which part of the insect mouthparts is described as a simple plate hinged to the exoskeleton of the head?
Which part of insect mouthparts is formed by the fusion of a pair of appendages homologous with the maxillae?
Which part of insect mouthparts is formed by the fusion of a pair of appendages homologous with the maxillae?
What are the two joints of the first Maxilla in insect mouthparts called?
What are the two joints of the first Maxilla in insect mouthparts called?
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What is the characteristic feature of setaceous antennae in insects?
What is the characteristic feature of setaceous antennae in insects?
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What distinguishes capitate from plumose antennae in insects?
What distinguishes capitate from plumose antennae in insects?
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Which insect mouthpart is described as two compact, single-jointed, toothed appendages that work together sideways?
Which insect mouthpart is described as two compact, single-jointed, toothed appendages that work together sideways?
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In which type of insect mouthparts would you find a Lacinia?
In which type of insect mouthparts would you find a Lacinia?
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Which term best describes the segments at the tip of pectinate antennae?
Which term best describes the segments at the tip of pectinate antennae?
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Study Notes
Insect Antenna
- Antennae are extremely varied in shape and number of segments, and are important diagnostic features.
- Typical insect antenna consists of three basic segments: scape (base), pedicel (stem), and flagellum (often comprising many units known as flagellomeres).
- The pedicel (second segment) contains the Johnston's organ, a collection of sensory cells.
- The number of flagellomeres can vary greatly and is often of diagnostic importance.
Types of Antennae
- Aristate antennae: pouch-like with a lateral bristle (e.g., house flies).
- Clavate antennae: gradually clubbed at the end (e.g., butterflies).
- Capitate antennae: abruptly clubbed at the end (e.g., carrion beetles).
- Filiformis antennae: thread-like shape (e.g., ground beetles).
- Geniculate antennae: hinged or bent like an elbow (e.g., bees and ants).
- Monoliform antennae: bead-like in shape (e.g., termites).
- Pectinate antennae: comb-like shape (e.g., fire-coloured beetles).
- Plumose antennae: brush or feather-like shape (e.g., moths and mosquitoes).
- Serrate antennae: sawtoothed shape (e.g., click beetles).
- Setaceous antennae: bristle-like shape (e.g., dragonflies).
- Lamellate antennae: segments at the tip are flattened and nested, resembling a folding fan.
Insect Head
- The insect head consists of the occiput, compound eyes, ocelli, frons, gena, clypeus, mandible, and labrum.
Insect Eyes
- Insects have 0-3 single-faceted organs called ocelli, usually between the antennae, which detect light intensity.
- Compound eyes are large, many-faceted structures called ommatidia on the upper side of the head capsule.
- Each ommatidium consists of a lens, transparent crystalline cone, light-sensitive visual cells, and pigment cells.
Insect Head - Antennae
- Insects have one pair of antennae, which may have the function of touch, smell, and in some cases, hearing.
- Antennae are used for navigation, food location, grasping (in some species), and detection of temperature, chemicals, and pheromones.
Insect Mouthparts
- Insect mouthparts have become variously modified to perform the function of ingestion.
- Mouthparts also indicate the food habits of the insect.
- The mouthparts of the mature adult insect may be different from those of its immature form.
Components of Insect Mouthparts
- Labrum (upper lip): a simple plate hinged to the exoskeleton of the head, containing chemosensory sensilla.
- Mandibles (true jaws): two compact, single-jointed, toothed appendages that work together sideways.
- Maxillae: two-segmented palp appendages that lie behind the mandibles and function as accessory jaws.
- Labium (2nd Maxilla): formed by the fusion of a pair of appendages serially homologous with the maxillae.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the different types of insect antennae such as aristate, monoliform, and pectinate, along with insect head structures like mouthparts. Learn about the unique features and functions of each type.
