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Questions and Answers
Who is considered the Father of Modern Applied Entomology in India?
In which year was the Plant Quarantine Act enforced?
Who wrote the book 'General Entomology'?
Where was the Indian Lac Research Institute started?
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When was the Entomology division started in IARI, New Delhi?
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What is the origin of the foregut in insects?
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Who was the First Indian, Imperial Entomologist of Independent India?
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What is the function of the pharynx in insects?
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What is the structure that prevents backward movement of food in the foregut?
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When was the 'Central Insecticide Act' enacted?
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What is the function of the crop in insects?
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Where is the IOBC, West Indies located?
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What is the modified structure in the gizzard that helps in grinding food?
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What connects the foregut to the midgut in insects?
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What is the structure between the mouth and esophagus in insects?
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What is the structure where nectar conversion occurs in honey bees?
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Which segment of the head does the antennae arise from?
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What is the function of the antennae?
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What is the name of the special organ present in the pedicel?
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What is the main function of resilin in insects?
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What is the name of the segment that articulates with the head capsule through antennifer?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of epidermis?
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Which order has no antennae?
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What is the thickness of the basement membrane?
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How many segments does the flagellum consist of?
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What is the name of the structure that connects the base of the socket to the edge of the socket?
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What is the main component of the basement membrane?
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What is the function of dermal glands in epidermal cells?
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How many pairs of antennae are present in class Crustacea?
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What is the function of trichogen cells in epidermal cells?
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What is the function of moulting glands in epidermal cells?
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What is the primary function of the insect integument?
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What is the name of the segment that contains the pair of mandibles?
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What is the type of head position in which the mouthparts are projected forward?
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Which of the following insects has an Opisthognathous head position?
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What is the term for the type of head position in which the mouthparts are ventrally placed and projected downwards?
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Which segment contains the pair of compound eyes and three ocelli?
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What is the term for the head position in which the head remains vertical and is at right angle to the long axis of the body?
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Which of the following is an example of an insect with a Hypognathous head position?
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What is the term for the segment that contains the pair of maxillae?
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Study Notes
Insect Alimentary Canal
- The alimentary canal in insects extends from the mouth to the anus and is divided into three parts: foregut, midgut, and hindgut.
- Foregut (stomodaeum) is ectodermal in origin, secretes a cuticular layer called intima, and is divided into pharynx, esophagus, crop, and gizzard.
- Pharynx is a well-musculated organ that pushes food into the esophagus and acts as a sucking pump in sap feeders.
- Esophagus is a narrow tube that transports food from the pharynx to the crop.
- Crop is a sac-like structure that stores food material, and in honey bees, it is called the honey stomach where nectar conversion occurs.
- Gizzard (proventriculus) is the last portion of the foregut, consisting of a cuticular intima layer modified into teeth-like denticles that help grind food material.
Foregut Components
- Stomodeal valve or cardiac valve is located after the gizzard and prevents backward movement of food.
- The foregut opens into the midgut through the stomodeal/cardiac valve, which is surrounded by gastric/hepatic caecae.
Insect Epidermis (Hypodermis)
- Epidermis is an inner unicellular layer resting on the basement membrane, with functions including cuticle secretion, digestion, and absorption of old cuticle.
- Epidermal cells are glandular, secreting cuticle and enzymes involved in production and digestion of old cuticle during moulting.
Basement Membrane
- The basement membrane is a non-living, amorphous granular layer of the integument formed from degenerated epidermal cells.
- It is about 0.5µ in thickness and consists of fibrous protein, glycosaminoglycans which are polymers of disaccharides.
Functions of Insect Integument
- Provides protection to internal organs.
- Gives shape and size to the insect.
- Provides surface for muscle attachment.
- Conserves moisture and prevents desiccation.
Insect Head and Appendages
- The insect head consists of pre-antennary, antennary, intercalary, mandibular, maxillary, and labial segments.
- Each segment bears a specific appendage, including compound eyes, antennae, labrum, mandibles, maxillae, and labium.
Types of Head Position
- Hypognathous (orthopteroid type): head is vertical and at right angle to the body axis, with mouthparts projected ventrally.
- Prognathous (coleopteroid type): head is in the same axis as the body, with mouthparts projected forward.
- Opisthognathous (hemipteroid or opisthorhynchous type): head is similar to prognathous, but mouthparts are directed backward and held between the forelegs.
Insect Antennae
- Antennae are a pair of sensory preoral appendages arising from the 2nd or antennal segment of the head.
- They are well developed in adults and poorly developed in immature stages.
- Antennae consist of scape, pedicel, and flagellum.
- The pedicel contains Johnston's organ, a special auditory organ.
Types of Insect Antennae
- Various types of antennae exist, with different shapes and sizes depending on the insect species.
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Description
Learn about the different parts of the alimentary canal in insects, including foregut, midgut, and hindgut. Understand their origin, functions, and components.
