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What is the main purpose of the experiment that examines hydrated salts?
What is the main purpose of the experiment that examines hydrated salts?
Water of crystallization can be removed by sufficient heat.
Water of crystallization can be removed by sufficient heat.
True
What chemical is used in the preparation stage to make barium chloride?
What chemical is used in the preparation stage to make barium chloride?
Barium carbonate
The gas evolved and precipitate are observed after adding _______ to BaO2.
The gas evolved and precipitate are observed after adding _______ to BaO2.
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Match the following chemicals with their usage in the experiment:
Match the following chemicals with their usage in the experiment:
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Which of the following statements is true regarding water of crystallization?
Which of the following statements is true regarding water of crystallization?
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Barium chloride can be formed directly from mixing BaO2 with water.
Barium chloride can be formed directly from mixing BaO2 with water.
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What is the role of hydrogen peroxide in the preparation method?
What is the role of hydrogen peroxide in the preparation method?
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What should you avoid doing when using a jumbo pipet with solvent?
What should you avoid doing when using a jumbo pipet with solvent?
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Alums are only composed of one type of ion.
Alums are only composed of one type of ion.
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What type of action allows the solvent to travel up the chromatography paper?
What type of action allows the solvent to travel up the chromatography paper?
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What does an RF value of 1 indicate about a solute's affinity for the stationary phase?
What does an RF value of 1 indicate about a solute's affinity for the stationary phase?
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Paper chromatography can be used to identify the purity of compounds.
Paper chromatography can be used to identify the purity of compounds.
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What color change would you expect when chlorine gas is tested with moistened litmus paper?
What color change would you expect when chlorine gas is tested with moistened litmus paper?
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Alum is commonly prepared from __________ aluminum.
Alum is commonly prepared from __________ aluminum.
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Iodine crystals produce colorless vapors when heated.
Iodine crystals produce colorless vapors when heated.
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Match the following elements related to the synthesis of alum:
Match the following elements related to the synthesis of alum:
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What is the formula to calculate the RF value?
What is the formula to calculate the RF value?
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What is one of the uses of alum?
What is one of the uses of alum?
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In paper chromatography, the stationary phase is typically a piece of high quality __________.
In paper chromatography, the stationary phase is typically a piece of high quality __________.
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What can be used to examine the color of vapors produced by bromine water?
What can be used to examine the color of vapors produced by bromine water?
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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True alums always crystallize in spherical shapes.
True alums always crystallize in spherical shapes.
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The reaction of iodine with potassium iodide solution is used to make it soluble in __________.
The reaction of iodine with potassium iodide solution is used to make it soluble in __________.
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Match the following halogens with their observable color when heated:
Match the following halogens with their observable color when heated:
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Which factor affects how components of a sample separate in paper chromatography?
Which factor affects how components of a sample separate in paper chromatography?
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What shape do true alums typically crystallize into?
What shape do true alums typically crystallize into?
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Which of the following reactions is expected when potassium dichromate is reduced with potassium iodide?
Which of the following reactions is expected when potassium dichromate is reduced with potassium iodide?
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Every molecule in a colored sample will have the same polarity.
Every molecule in a colored sample will have the same polarity.
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A colored chemical sample will separate when the solvent __________ up the paper.
A colored chemical sample will separate when the solvent __________ up the paper.
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What type of solution is formed when iodine is dissolved in chloroform?
What type of solution is formed when iodine is dissolved in chloroform?
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Bromine water can oxidize iron (II) sulfate.
Bromine water can oxidize iron (II) sulfate.
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What is the primary use of calcium peroxide in agriculture?
What is the primary use of calcium peroxide in agriculture?
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Calcium peroxide is soluble in water.
Calcium peroxide is soluble in water.
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What happens to calcium peroxide when it comes in contact with water?
What happens to calcium peroxide when it comes in contact with water?
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Calcium peroxide can be created by the interaction of calcium salt and __________.
Calcium peroxide can be created by the interaction of calcium salt and __________.
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Match the following reagents with their roles in the preparation of calcium peroxide:
Match the following reagents with their roles in the preparation of calcium peroxide:
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What is the result of adding dilute H2SO4 to a test tube containing bromine and iodine crystals?
What is the result of adding dilute H2SO4 to a test tube containing bromine and iodine crystals?
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Calcium peroxide can be used for ecological restoration by stimulating aerobic microbial degradation.
Calcium peroxide can be used for ecological restoration by stimulating aerobic microbial degradation.
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What is the common name for K Al (SO4)2.12H2O?
What is the common name for K Al (SO4)2.12H2O?
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What is the E number for calcium peroxide as a food additive?
What is the E number for calcium peroxide as a food additive?
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The primary use of S Odium aluminum sulfate is in water purification.
The primary use of S Odium aluminum sulfate is in water purification.
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What is formed when sulfuric acid is added to the aluminum solution during the procedure?
What is formed when sulfuric acid is added to the aluminum solution during the procedure?
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The chemical formula for potassium chromium (III) sulfate is K Cr(SO4)2._____H2O.
The chemical formula for potassium chromium (III) sulfate is K Cr(SO4)2._____H2O.
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Match the following types of alum with their primary uses:
Match the following types of alum with their primary uses:
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Which alum is commonly used for mordant in dyeing textiles?
Which alum is commonly used for mordant in dyeing textiles?
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The process of preparing alum includes heating the aluminum scrap until it is dry.
The process of preparing alum includes heating the aluminum scrap until it is dry.
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What is the role of potassium hydroxide in the procedure to prepare alum?
What is the role of potassium hydroxide in the procedure to prepare alum?
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Study Notes
Inorganic Chemistry Lab Manual
- This manual is for first-stage chemistry, second course, at Al-Nahrain University's College of Science.
- It's edited by Lec. Hadeel Adel, As.lec. Marwa Fawzi, As.lec Kawther Adeeb, and As.lec Safa Ismaiel.
Contents
-
The manual includes a list of experiments, each with a title, page number, and description:
- Laboratory Report (pg. 3)
- Laboratory safety practices (pg. 4)
- Glasses and laboratory equipment (pg. 6)
- Preparation of sodium hydroxide (Exp. 1, pg. 8)
- Purification of table salt (Exp. 2, pg. 10)
- Preparation and reaction of barium peroxide (Exp. 3, pg. 13)
- Calculate the percentage of water in hydrated salt (Exp. 4, pg. 15)
- Paper chromatography (Exp. 5, pg. 17)
- Synthesis of alum from aluminum (Exp. 6, pg. 20)
- Halogens (Group VII B) (Exp. 7, pg. 23)
- Preparation of Calcium Peroxide CaO2 (Exp. 8, pg. 25)
- Preparation of Copper Iodate and Determination of Its Solubility Product in Water (Exp. 9, pg. 27)
- Identification of Oxalate in their Complex (Exp. 10, pg. 29)
-
Each experiment includes:
- A purpose/objectives
- A theory/background
- A procedure/steps
- Details about chemicals and glassware used
- And potential questions to be answered
Laboratory Safety Procedures
- Emphasizes the importance of safety precautions in laboratories.
- Covers key areas like:
- Eye protection (safety glasses)
- Footwear (shoes)
- Prohibited activities (eating, drinking, smoking)
- Hazard awareness (chemicals as potentially hazardous)
- First aid and safety equipment locations
- Proper handling of chemicals
- Use of fume hoods for certain reactions
- Avoiding pointing heated test tubes directly at oneself or others
- Safe handling of glassware and broken glass cleanup
- Proper pouring of acids into water
- Proper reagent handling
Lab Report Format
- Outlines the components of a lab report:
- Title
- Objective
- Introduction
- Procedure
- Discussion (data analysis, learning points, areas for improvement)
Laboratory Equipment
- Provides a visual guide and descriptions for various laboratory equipment (beaker, flask, pipettes, test tubes, crucible, etc.).
- Describes the functions of each item.
Specific Experiment Details (selected examples)
-
Experiment No. 1 (Preparation of Sodium Hydroxide):
- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a metallic base.
- It's hygroscopic and should be stored in airtight containers.
- It's corrosive and can cause burns to skin and eyes.
-
Experiment No. 4 (Calculating Water Percentage in Hydrated Salts):
- Water of crystallization/hydration is the water present in crystals.
- It's crucial for maintaining crystal properties.
- It's present in specific ratios for some salts.
-
Experiment No. 5 (Paper Chromatography):
- A technique to separate and identify mixtures (e.g., ink pigments, amino acids).
- It involves separating substances based on differing solubilities in a solvent.
- Used to determine retention factors (Rf values) which help identify compounds based on the distance they've travelled within the solvent.
-
Experiment No. 6 (Synthesis of Alum):
- Alum is an ionic compound.
- It crystallizes as octahedral shapes, often with specific colours.
- Has historically seen use in dyeing, fabric treatments and other industrial applications.
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Description
This laboratory manual is designed for first-stage chemistry students enrolled in the second course at Al-Nahrain University's College of Science. It includes a comprehensive list of experiments, safety practices, and laboratory equipment essential for conducting inorganic chemistry experiments.
