Innovation Team Selection Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are competence-enhancing discontinuities?

They represent an order-of-magnitude improvement over prior products.

How do process discontinuities impact the efficiency of production?

They result in an order-of-magnitude increase in the efficiency of producing a given product.

What are the critical characteristics of organizational environments mentioned in the text?

Uncertainty and munificence.

How do technological discontinuities impact price-performance or input-output ratios?

<p>They drive sharp decreases in price-performance or input-output ratios.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to environmental munificence and demand after a technological discontinuity?

<p>They will be higher.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do competence-enhancing discontinuities affect barriers to entry in a product class?

<p>They consolidate leadership, increasing barriers to entry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of competence-destroying discontinuities on barriers to entry?

<p>Barriers to entry are lowered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do new firms enter previously impenetrable markets after competence-destroying discontinuities?

<p>By exploiting the new technology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about viewing contextual ambidexterity initiatives?

<p>View them as 'driving leadership', not as being 'leadership-driven'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do only few established companies innovate successfully according to the text?

<p>Because their people are working in organizational structures designed to surmount old challenges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mistake should companies avoid when seeking to innovate, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Not having the right resources and processes to support innovation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dilemma is highlighted regarding processes in the text?

<p>Processes are set up for consistency and not meant to change, which can hinder innovation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is mentioned as the two most important values for innovation in the text?

<p>Overhead costs determining minimum gross margins and a high stock price requiring bigger projects for growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do most difficulties with coping with change reside according to the text?

<p>In informal and less visible processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What question should organizations ask to determine if they have the right values to innovate?

<p>Does my organization have the right values to innovate, in terms of how employees set priorities?</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should companies consider when determining the best team and structure to support their innovation effort?

<p>What team and structure would best support our innovation effort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of team should be selected if the innovation fits well with existing values and processes?

<p>Functional teams or lightweight ad hoc cross-functional teams</p> Signup and view all the answers

When an innovation fits well with existing values but poorly with existing processes, what type of team is recommended?

<p>Heavyweight team dedicated exclusively to the innovation project</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an innovation fits poorly with existing values but well with existing processes, how should the project be organized?

<p>Heavyweight team dedicated exclusively to the innovation project within the existing organization for development, followed by a spin-off for commercialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of team should be chosen if the innovation fits poorly with existing processes and values?

<p>Heavyweight team dedicated exclusively to the innovation project in a separate spin-off or acquired organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are functional teams or lightweight ad hoc cross-functional teams selected when the innovation fits well with existing values and processes?

<p>No new capabilities or organizational structures are called for due to the good fit with existing processes and values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason behind selecting a heavyweight team when the innovation fits well with existing values but poorly with existing processes?

<p>The poor fit with existing processes requires new types of coordination among groups and individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the case where an innovation fits poorly with existing values but well with existing processes, why is a spin-off for commercialization recommended?

<p>A spin-off facilitates new values such as a different cost structure with lower profit margins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When the innovation fits poorly with existing processes and values, why is a separate spin-off or acquired organization chosen?

<p>It enables the project to be governed by different values and ensures that new processes emerge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of mismatch on team members?

<p>Frustration and worsened attention to new information</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is learning in subsequent stages critical in product development?

<p>Difficult to obtain all input and knowledge initially</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the team does not refine and update its knowledge during development?

<p>Product might become inappropriate for the market</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do discounted cash flow (DCF) and net present value (NPV) affect managers' evaluation of investments in innovation?

<p>Managers underestimate real returns and benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

What assumption does discounting a future stream of cash flows into a 'present value' make?

<p>Assumes a rational investor would be indifferent to timing of cash</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Parmenides' Fallacy in the context of investments?

<p>Assumes present health of the company will persist indefinitely</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to compare the base case of not investing against cash flows from innovation?

<p>To avoid Parmenides' Fallacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of learning activities do products with high novelty involve?

<p>Exploratory learning activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one drawback of project teams knowing how good the projections need to look in order to win funding?

<p>It makes it difficult for gatekeepers to judge whether it’s realistic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does discovery-driven planning reverse the sequence of some steps in the stage-gate process?

<p>Instead of fabricating acceptable numbers, required numbers are stated first followed by an assumptions checklist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are assumptions rank-ordered in the assumptions checklist in discovery-driven planning?

<p>To prioritize deal killers and assumptions that can be tested with little expense.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the assumptions checklist used when a project enters a new stage?

<p>It serves as the basis of the project plan for that stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of having an assumptions checklist in discovery-driven planning?

<p>To test quickly and at low cost whether the assumptions for success are valid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must a project team do if a critical assumption proves not to be valid?

<p>Revise its strategy until all assumptions are plausible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the discovery-driven planning approach handle projects with no set of plausible assumptions?

<p>The project is killed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between traditional project planning and discovery-driven planning?

<p>Traditional planning involves fabricating numbers, while discovery-driven planning focuses on testing assumptions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initiates an era of intense technical variation and selection?

<p>Technological discontinuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What always peaks after a dominant design emerges?

<p>Sales</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the era of ferment followed by?

<p>A period of incremental technical progress</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the era of ferment characterized by?

<p>Two distinct selection processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

When will the era of ferment be longer?

<p>After a competence-destroying discontinuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What social, political, and organizational dynamics select?

<p>Dominant designs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does technological change represent?

<p>A sociocultural evolutionary process</p> Signup and view all the answers

What increases during incremental change?

<p>Interdependence and enhanced competence</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of management controls discussed in the text?

<p>Process and output controls</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 characteristics of rigorous gate criteria mentioned in the text?

<p>Strictness, objectivity/consistency, frequency of application</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do process management techniques impact organizational routines according to the text?

<p>They stabilize routines and tighten linkages, reducing flexibility/adaptability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do product development teams become enthusiastic about using stage-gate control?

<p>It diminishes costs, eliminates weaker projects, improves speed to market, and efficiently allocates resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives managers to rigorously implement the stage-gate control process?

<p>Enthusiasm from product development teams and the benefits it brings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What motivates product development teams to meet the gate criteria?

<p>Concern for their project's survival.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do process discontinuities impact the efficiency of production?

<p>They can disrupt efficiency by introducing change and variation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of process management techniques?

<p>Improving efficiency and reducing variation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the key factors that contribute to effective learning, according to the text?

<p>Perceived knowledge gap, motivation to acquire new knowledge, cognitive freedom</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define market turbulence and technological turbulence according to the text.

<p>Market turbulence: instability, uncertainty, lack of control in firm's marketplace; Technological turbulence: changes in technologies affecting the industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does gate conditionality impact project decision-making?

<p>Saves teams from premature choices, allows meeting criteria in later stages</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of competence-enhancing discontinuities in product development?

<p>They affect barriers to entry in a product class</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the impact of technological discontinuities on industries.

<p>They create unexpected developments requiring motivation and cognitive flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does cognitive freedom play a role in effective learning?

<p>Allows processing new input and changing existing cognitive structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between project parameters and team motivation for acquiring new knowledge?

<p>Fixed project parameters may reduce team motivation to acquire new knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is frequent evaluation important in project development?

<p>Teams end up committing to deliverables repeatedly and more deeply</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of team is recommended when an innovation fits poorly with existing values but well with existing processes?

<p>Heavyweight team dedicated exclusively to the innovation project</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a spin-off for commercialization recommended when an innovation fits poorly with existing values but well with existing processes?

<p>A spin-off enables the project to be governed by different values and ensures that new processes emerge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of team should be selected if the innovation fits well with existing values and processes?

<p>Functional teams who work sequentially on issues, or lightweight teams - ad hoc cross-functional teams who work simultaneously on multiple issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are functional teams or lightweight ad hoc cross-functional teams selected when the innovation fits well with existing values and processes?

<p>Owing to the good fit with existing processes and values, no new capabilities or organizational structures are called for.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason behind selecting a heavyweight team when the innovation fits well with existing values but poorly with existing processes?

<p>The poor fit with existing processes requires new types of coordination among groups and individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When the innovation fits poorly with existing processes and values, why is a separate spin-off or acquired organization chosen?

<p>A spin-off enables the project to be governed by different values and ensures that new processes emerge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an innovation fits poorly with existing values but well with existing processes, how should the project be organized?

<p>In-house development for development, followed by a spin-off for commercialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to environmental munificence and demand after a technological discontinuity?

<p>They typically increase post-discontinuity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does discovery-driven planning reverse the sequence of some steps in the stage-gate process?

<p>By stating required numbers and assumptions checklist upfront, followed by testing assumptions before fabricating acceptable numbers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one drawback of project teams knowing how good the projections need to look in order to win funding?

<p>Teams may tweak assumptions quickly to meet funding criteria without genuinely assessing project feasibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the discovery-driven planning approach handle projects with no set of plausible assumptions?

<p>If no set of plausible assumptions can support success, the project is terminated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of having an assumptions checklist in discovery-driven planning?

<p>To rank-order critical assumptions and guide project planning based on testing those assumptions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dilemma is highlighted regarding processes in the text?

<p>The dilemma of whether to stick with existing processes or adapt them to accommodate innovation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about viewing contextual ambidexterity initiatives?

<p>The text suggests that contextual ambidexterity initiatives involve balancing exploration and exploitation in innovation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Parmenides' Fallacy in the context of investments?

<p>Parmenides' Fallacy is the false belief that the future can be predicted with certainty based on present assumptions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What assumption does discounting a future stream of cash flows into a 'present value' make?

<p>Discounting assumes that money has a time value and is worth more in the present than in the future.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are competence-enhancing discontinuities?

<p>Competence-enhancing discontinuities are order-of-magnitude improvements in price/performance that build on existing know-how within a product class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of competence-destroying discontinuities on barriers to entry?

<p>Competence-destroying discontinuities lower barriers to entry, allowing new firms to enter previously impenetrable markets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do process discontinuities impact the efficiency of production?

<p>Process discontinuities result in an order-of-magnitude increase in the efficiency of producing a given product.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives sharp decreases in price-performance or input-output ratios?

<p>Technological discontinuities drive sharp decreases in price-performance or input-output ratios.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two critical characteristics of organizational environments are mentioned in the text?

<p>Uncertainty and Munificence are the two critical characteristics of organizational environments mentioned in the text.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are important dimensions of competitive conditions mentioned in the text?

<p>Entry-exit patterns and degree of order within a product class are important dimensions of competitive conditions mentioned in the text.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to environmental munificence and demand after a technological discontinuity?

<p>Environmental munificence and demand will be higher after a technological discontinuity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initiates an era of intense technical variation and selection?

<p>Technological change initiates an era of intense technical variation and selection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between incremental technological progress and discontinuities?

<p>Discontinuities offer sharp price-performance improvements over existing technologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are product discontinuities reflected?

<p>In the emergence of new product classes, product substitution, or fundamental product improvements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of competence-destroying innovations?

<p>They require new skills, abilities, and knowledge in both product development and production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are process discontinuities reflected?

<p>In process substitution or in process innovations that result in radical improvements in industry-specific dimensions of merit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do existing firms often remain committed to outmoded technology?

<p>Due to traditions, sunk costs, and internal political constraints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major changes are associated with process discontinuities?

<p>Changes in skills, distinctive competence, and production processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the distribution of power and control within firms and industries with major technological innovations?

<p>They undergo major changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do product discontinuities either create a new product class or substitute for an existing product?

<p>To ensure competitiveness with new technologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a heavyweight team be selected to operate an innovation project?

<p>When the innovation fits well with existing values but poorly with existing processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a spin-off for commercialization recommended when an innovation fits poorly with existing values but well with existing processes?

<p>A spin-off enables the project to be governed by different values and ensures that new processes emerge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario is a separate spin-off or acquired organization chosen to operate an innovation project?

<p>When the innovation fits poorly with existing processes and values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are functional teams or lightweight ad hoc cross-functional teams selected when the innovation fits well with existing values and processes?

<p>Because no new capabilities or organizational structures are called for due to the good fit with existing processes and values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of team should be selected if the innovation fits poorly with existing values but well with existing processes?

<p>A heavyweight team.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where should the project be organized if an innovation fits poorly with existing values but well with existing processes?

<p>Within the existing organization for development, followed by a spin-off for commercialization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for selecting a heavyweight team when the innovation fits well with existing values but poorly with existing processes?

<p>To address the poor fit with existing processes that require new types of coordination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a spin-off or acquired organization chosen to operate an innovation project when the innovation fits poorly with existing values but well with existing processes?

<p>To enable the project to be governed by different values and ensure the emergence of new processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two different approaches for integrating an acquired company into the parent organization based on the capabilities being purchased?

<p>Integrated or infused</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do the greatest opportunities for competitive advantage lie?

<p>In market confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 5 types of simple rules mentioned in the text?

<p>How-to rules, Boundary rules, Priority rules, Resource allocation, Timing rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of companies in the new economy, according to the text?

<p>Capturing unanticipated, fleeting opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should simple rules not be broad and vague?

<p>To be effective and actionable</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key to success in the new economy, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Capturing unanticipated and fleeting opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended strategy for companies to navigate chaotic markets successfully?

<p>Craft a few simple rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dictates the processes a company chooses, according to the text?

<p>The combination of opportunities and constraints</p> Signup and view all the answers

What bias do fixed and sunk costs create for managers when new capabilities are needed for future success?

<p>Managers are biased towards leveraging assets and capabilities that are likely to become obsolete.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do managers sometimes hesitate to adopt new technology?

<p>Managers may stall in adopting new technology to avoid a write-off of obsolete assets that equity markets would punish.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can managers understand the consequences of not investing in future capabilities?

<p>By valuing strategies instead of projects, managers can predict the consequences of not investing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What diverts resources away from investments with long-term payoffs?

<p>The emphasis on earnings per share as the primary driver of share price and shareholder value creation diverts resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do managers face pressure to focus on short-term stock performance?

<p>Due to principal-agent theory, managers are pressured to focus on short-term stock performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for finance and strategy to be studied and practiced in an integrated way?

<p>A firm's actual strategy is defined by the stream of projects in which it invests or doesn't invest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of focusing solely on earnings per share for shareholder value creation?

<p>Resources are diverted away from investments whose payoff lies beyond the immediate horizon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can managers overcome biases against investing in needed future capabilities?

<p>By valuing strategies over individual projects, managers can better understand the need for investment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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