Podcast
Questions and Answers
What can be a fatal consequence of labyrinthitis if left untreated?
What can be a fatal consequence of labyrinthitis if left untreated?
Which pathogen is cited as the most common cause of suppurative labyrinthitis?
Which pathogen is cited as the most common cause of suppurative labyrinthitis?
In cases of acute otitis media, how may the infection spread to the labyrinth?
In cases of acute otitis media, how may the infection spread to the labyrinth?
What syndrome is associated with the activation of latent herpes zoster infection?
What syndrome is associated with the activation of latent herpes zoster infection?
Signup and view all the answers
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with acoustic neuroma?
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with acoustic neuroma?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of individuals experience disturbing tinnitus?
What percentage of individuals experience disturbing tinnitus?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of tinnitus can only be heard by the patient?
Which type of tinnitus can only be heard by the patient?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most common cause of tinnitus?
What is the most common cause of tinnitus?
Signup and view all the answers
Which physical examination technique may diminish tinnitus of venous origin?
Which physical examination technique may diminish tinnitus of venous origin?
Signup and view all the answers
Which investigation may indicate conductive hearing loss secondary to vascular lesions in the middle ear?
Which investigation may indicate conductive hearing loss secondary to vascular lesions in the middle ear?
Signup and view all the answers
What quality of sound is NOT typically associated with tinnitus?
What quality of sound is NOT typically associated with tinnitus?
Signup and view all the answers
What feature can be described as episodic, fluctuating, constant, or pulsatile in tinnitus history?
What feature can be described as episodic, fluctuating, constant, or pulsatile in tinnitus history?
Signup and view all the answers
In general, which type of tinnitus is more common?
In general, which type of tinnitus is more common?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the first-line treatment for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)?
What is the first-line treatment for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with Meniere's disease?
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with Meniere's disease?
Signup and view all the answers
What dietary regimen is recommended for managing Meniere's disease?
What dietary regimen is recommended for managing Meniere's disease?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of vestibular neuritis?
Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of vestibular neuritis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is considered a possible etiology for vestibular neuritis?
What is considered a possible etiology for vestibular neuritis?
Signup and view all the answers
In Meniere's disease, how often does it usually start unilaterally compared to bilaterally?
In Meniere's disease, how often does it usually start unilaterally compared to bilaterally?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential surgical treatment for Meniere's disease?
What is a potential surgical treatment for Meniere's disease?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement about labyrinthitis is true?
Which statement about labyrinthitis is true?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is NOT associated with hearing loss?
Which condition is NOT associated with hearing loss?
Signup and view all the answers
What is primarily relied upon for diagnosis in cases of hearing loss?
What is primarily relied upon for diagnosis in cases of hearing loss?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a key indicator of true vertigo?
Which of the following is a key indicator of true vertigo?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main purpose of Romberg's test?
What is the main purpose of Romberg's test?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following symptoms would NOT suggest a central cause in hearing-related examinations?
Which of the following symptoms would NOT suggest a central cause in hearing-related examinations?
Signup and view all the answers
What would be a positive indicator in an Unterberger test?
What would be a positive indicator in an Unterberger test?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following conditions is least likely to cause vertigo?
Which of the following conditions is least likely to cause vertigo?
Signup and view all the answers
What sensory inputs does the Romberg's test rely on?
What sensory inputs does the Romberg's test rely on?
Signup and view all the answers
What term refers to the condition where the Eustachian tube intermittently stays open?
What term refers to the condition where the Eustachian tube intermittently stays open?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a common management option for tinnitus when no cause is identified?
Which of the following is a common management option for tinnitus when no cause is identified?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the definition of vertigo?
What is the definition of vertigo?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is usually associated with episodic dizziness lasting for seconds?
Which condition is usually associated with episodic dizziness lasting for seconds?
Signup and view all the answers
What contributes to the masking of tinnitus for patients with hearing loss?
What contributes to the masking of tinnitus for patients with hearing loss?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor usually leads to the central nervous system adapting to vestibular lesions?
Which factor usually leads to the central nervous system adapting to vestibular lesions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is associated with inner ear problems and lasts for hours?
Which condition is associated with inner ear problems and lasts for hours?
Signup and view all the answers
What is often mistaken for constant dizziness due to its episodic nature?
What is often mistaken for constant dizziness due to its episodic nature?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a gait deviation towards one side indicate during the walking with eyes closed test?
What does a gait deviation towards one side indicate during the walking with eyes closed test?
Signup and view all the answers
During the turning test, which direction does a patient generally fall if there is vestibular weakness?
During the turning test, which direction does a patient generally fall if there is vestibular weakness?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of the head thrust test?
What is the primary purpose of the head thrust test?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a positive fistula test indicate?
What does a positive fistula test indicate?
Signup and view all the answers
Which characteristic is associated with BPPV diagnosis?
Which characteristic is associated with BPPV diagnosis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most affected semicircular canal in BPPV cases?
What is the most affected semicircular canal in BPPV cases?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factors can predispose an individual to develop BPPV?
Which factors can predispose an individual to develop BPPV?
Signup and view all the answers
What indicates a positive result during the Dix Hallpike test?
What indicates a positive result during the Dix Hallpike test?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Inner Ear (Tinnitus & Vertigo)
-
Tinnitus is any perceived sound not from an external source, lasting more than five minutes, in the absence of external stimulation, and not immediately following loud noise exposure.
-
It's categorized as disturbing for 3-5% of individuals experiencing it.
-
Two main types of tinnitus:
- Subjective: Only audible to the patient (95% of cases).
- Objective: Audible to both the patient and an examiner using a stethoscope, often pulsatile, in sync with the heartbeat.
-
Tinnitus can be influenced by various factors:
- Unilateral (one-sided)/Bilateral (both-sided), pulsatile/non-pulsatile, with/without hearing loss.
- Otologic issues (wax buildup, ear infections, Meniere's disease, noise-induced hearing loss, etc.)
- Metabolic factors (hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism).
- Neurological issues (head injury, multiple sclerosis, etc.).
- Cardiovascular issues (hypertension, hypotension, etc.).
- Pharmacologic factors (certain medications).
- Psychogenic factors (anxiety, depression).
- Vascular issues (AV shunts, glomus tumors, abnormal carotid blood flow).
-
Vertigo is the illusion of movement of oneself or surroundings.
-
Vertigo is a common complaint of individuals with vestibular system injury, usually manifested as dizziness and not vertigo itself.
-
It's characterized by a continuous temporary symptom that often subsides within days or weeks.
- Constant vertigo doesn't typically signify vestibular issues.
-
Duration-based causes of vertigo:
- Seconds: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).
- Minutes: Migraine-associated, vertebral-basilar insufficiency.
- Hours: Meniere's disease, endolymphatic hydrops, otic syphilis.
- Weeks: CNS disorder, multiple sclerosis, acoustic neuroma.
- Variable duration: Inner ear fistula, Lyme disease, barotrauma.
-
Peripheral and central dizziness types:
- Peripheral: More severe, short-lived, often associated with tinnitus, hearing loss, and otalgia (ear pain).
- Central: Milder, long-lasting, associated with other central symptoms (e.g., diplopia, slurred speech, dysphoria). Both are linked to nystagmus (involuntary eye movements).
-
Diagnosis focuses on history (onset, character, duration, and relationship to head movements), neurological symptoms (e.g., loss of consciousness, weakness, etc.), and examination.
-
BPPV (Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo):
-
Sudden vertigo triggered by specific head movements.
-
No associated hearing loss.
-
Characteristic nystagmus with Dix-Hallpike test.
-
Generally unilateral.
-
Presents in 50s.
-
Meniere's Disease:
-
Excessive endolymph buildup in the inner ear.
-
Episodic vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness.
-
Often initially unilateral, but in some cases bilateral.
-
Vestibular Neuritis:
-
Vertigo lasting days after an upper respiratory infection.
-
No associated hearing loss.
-
Other neurological signs/symptoms typically absent.
-
May experience positional instability towards the affected ear.
-
Labyrinthitis:
-
Viral or bacterial origin, potentially life-threatening.
-
Suppurative labyrinthitis leading to meningitis is possible.
-
Usually accompanied by vertigo and hearing loss.
-
Investigations often include imaging (CT, MRI), audiometry, blood tests, ECG, examination, and detailed history.
-
Management strategies often include managing symptoms, stabilizing the body's electrolyte balances, creating a safe environment, and treating any underlying causes identified.
-
Epley Maneuver is a common treatment for BPPV, using gravity to move canalith debris out of the inner ear's semi-circular canal.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of tinnitus and vertigo, focusing on their types, causes, and effects. Learn about subjective and objective tinnitus, as well as various influencing factors such as otologic, metabolic, neurological, and cardiovascular issues. Test your understanding of how these conditions can impact individuals differently.
