24 Questions
Which complement protein forms pores in bacterial membranes to damage certain bacteria?
C3b
Which protein mediates the ingestion of complement-tagged pathogens by phagocytes?
CR1
Which small complement fragment is needed to activate C2 on B cells?
C5a
What do cytokines mainly induce through binding specific receptors?
Vasodilation
Which cells do chemokines mainly function as chemoattractants for?
Monocyte/macrophage and neutrophils
What is the function of chemokines in nearby responsive cells?
Chemotaxis
Which cells do chemokines guide in adaptive immunity?
Lymphocytes
What is the main function of chemokines in innate immunity?
Chemotaxis
What induces responses through binding specific receptors on target cells?
Cytokines
Which proteins are lacking on pathogen surfaces, allowing C3 to work?
Factor H and DAF
What do the terminal complement proteins polymerize to form, which can kill certain pathogens?
Membrane attack complex (MAC)
Which family of cytokines includes growth hormones and many interleukins?
Hematopoietin
What is the main function of the complement system?
To mark pathogens for destruction by phagocytes
How are complement proteins activated at sites of infection?
They are activated locally and trigger a series of inflammatory events
What is the role of complement proteins in phagocytosis?
They opsonize pathogens for phagocytosis
How is the complement system activated?
Through a triggered-enzyme cascade
What happens to complement proteins at the start of the pathway?
A small number of complement proteins are activated, which is hugely amplified by each successive reaction
What is the main role of the small fragments of some complement proteins?
Act as chemoattractants to recruit more phagocytes to the site and to activate these phagocytes
What triggers the activation of complement proteins at sites of infection?
Local activation of complement proteins
What is the function of opsonization in the immune response?
To make pathogens more susceptible to phagocytosis
What is the primary outcome of complement protein activation?
Marking pathogens for destruction by phagocytes
How are complement proteins distributed throughout the body?
Widely distributed throughout body fluids and tissues without effect
What triggers the amplification of complement response?
Successive reaction of complement proteins
How are complement proteins regulated?
Very tightly regulated
Test your knowledge of innate immunity with this quiz covering topics such as phagocytosis by macrophages, pattern recognition, release of cytokines and chemokines, activation of complement, and the role of complement in marking pathogens for destruction. Perfect for students of immunology and anyone interested in understanding the body's initial defense mechanisms.
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