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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the innate immune response?
What does the innate immune response use to communicate with the adaptive arm of immunity?
What triggers the innate immune response?
What is the main function of innate immune cell activation?
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What is the consequence of defects in the NADPH oxidase system?
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Which process involves the release of histamine and leads to redness, swelling, heat, and pain?
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Which plasma proteins promote inflammation, opsonisation, phagocytosis, and microbe killing?
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What is the role of C3b in the complement system?
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What initiates the complement system?
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Which complement deficiency is associated with an increase of immune complex-mediated autoimmune disease?
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Deficiency in which complement component results in severe recurrent infections by Neisseria species?
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Which disease is caused by deficiency in C1 INH?
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Which cells are responsible for MHC class I presentation?
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Which cells are involved in MHC class II presentation?
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Where do proteins get digested into peptides for MHC class II presentation?
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Study Notes
Innate Immunity and the Complement System
- Innate immunity involves the release of cytokines (IL-1, TNF) and chemokine (IL-8) by macrophages upon microbe detection
- IL-1 and TNF cause endothelial cells to express selectin for rolling adhesion of leukocytes
- IL-8 on endothelial cells aids in leukocyte adhesion and leads to firm binding/arrest of rolling leukocytes
- Inflammatory mediators, such as vasodilators and permeabilisers, are produced by damaged epithelium, resident macrophages, dendritic cells, and mast cells
- Inflammatory cytokines and chemoattractants promote recruitment and sustained activation of immune cells
- Chemokines, like IL-8, are crucial in the inflammatory response for recruiting neutrophils to the infected region
- Termination of inflammation involves mechanisms like short half-life of neutrophils, macrophage character change, and lipid mediators
- Chronic inflammation of prolonged duration includes active inflammation, tissue injury, and healing simultaneously
- The complement system consists of plasma proteins that promote inflammation, opsonisation, phagocytosis, and microbe killing
- The complement system is initiated by three pathways and is a non-specific innate immune mechanism
- C3a and C5a fragments promote inflammation, act as chemoattractants, and enhance vasodilation and vascular permeability
- C3b is deposited on microbe surfaces, acts as an opsonin, and triggers phagocytosis; C5b binding to C6-C9 forms a membrane attack complex causing cell death and complement deficiencies are rare and linked with frequent bacterial infections
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Description
Test your knowledge of the innate immunity and the complement system with this quiz. Explore the role of cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory mediators in the immune response, as well as the functions and pathways of the complement system.
