Questions and Answers
Which branch of the immune system is non-specific and reacts the same way to any incoming invader?
Innate immune system
Which cells are involved in the innate immune system?
Phagocytic cells
Which cells are involved in the adaptive immune system?
Lymphocytes
What is the major difference between the timing of the innate and adaptive immune system responses?
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Which system provides a very specific response to non-self invaders by adapting and targeting specific pathogens?
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What is the term used to describe something that is present naturally at birth?
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What is the primary function of the innate immune system?
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Which cells release cytokines?
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What do cytokines do in the immune system?
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Which of the following is an example of a cytokine?
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What are some other substances that enable cell communication?
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Which types of responses do cytokines help regulate?
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What is the function of leukotrienes?
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Which of the following is not an example of a cytokine?
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What are interferons?
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Which branch of the immune system provides a general defense mechanism to all non-self cells and molecules recognized by our immune system?
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What is the primary difference between the innate and adaptive immune system responses?
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Which cells are involved in the adaptive immune system?
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What is the term used to describe the ability of the adaptive immune system to adapt and target specific pathogens?
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Which immune system response happens quickly once a pathogen invades our bodies?
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Which cells release cytokines?
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Which system works together with the innate immune system to help defend the body against pathogens?
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Which of the following is NOT an example of a cytokine?
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What is the primary function of interferons?
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Which cells release complements?
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What are some other substances that enable communication between cells?
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Which branch of the immune system do cytokines regulate?
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What are some examples of cytokines?
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Which cells are involved in both branches of the immune system?
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What is the function of leukotrienes?
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Study Notes
Innate Immune System
- Non-specific, reacts the same way to any incoming invader
- Primary function: provide immediate defense against infection
- Cells involved: neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and eosinophils
- Response happens quickly, within minutes or hours of pathogen invasion
Adaptive Immune System
- Provides specific response to non-self invaders by adapting and targeting specific pathogens
- Cells involved: T cells, B cells, and antigen-presenting cells
- Response takes longer to develop, days or weeks after pathogen invasion
- Ability to adapt and target specific pathogens is known as immunological memory
Cytokines
- Released by immune cells, such as T cells and macrophages
- Help regulate immune responses, including inflammation and cell recruitment
- Examples: interferons, interleukins, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
- Other substances that enable cell communication: hormones, growth factors, and chemokines
Interferons
- Released by immune cells in response to viral infection
- Primary function: inhibit viral replication and stimulate immune response
- Examples: interferon-alpha, interferon-beta, and interferon-gamma
Other Key Points
- Congenital refers to something that is present naturally at birth
- Innate immune system provides a general defense mechanism to all non-self cells and molecules recognized by the immune system
- Leukotrienes are involved in inflammation and immune response
- Complements are released by immune cells and help mark pathogens for destruction
- Cytokines regulate both innate and adaptive immune responses
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