Innate Immune Response Cells
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is not an innate immune response cell?

  • Neutrophil
  • T cell (correct)
  • Macrophage
  • Dendritic cell

Which of the following immune cells is both innate and adaptive?

  • Neutrophil
  • Dendritic cell (correct)
  • B cell
  • Macrophage

Which of the following cells is part of the acquired immune response?

  • T cells (correct)
  • Neutrophils
  • Dendritic cells
  • Macrophages

Which of the following is not a role of T cells?

<p>Short half life (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a role of B cells?

<p>Producing antibodies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do T cells recognize foreign pathogens?

<p>Through presentation of antigens by antigen-presenting cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are cytokines?

<p>Signaling molecules that help the immune system communicate with itself (guided immune support) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are chemokines?

<p>Proteins that directimmune cells to the site of infection or inflammation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary immune organ?

<p>Bone Marrow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does B cell development occur?

<p>Bone marrow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does T cell development take place?

<p>Thymus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of thymosin in T cell development?

<p>Promoting the maturation of T cells in the thymus and maintenance of T cell population outside of the thymus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a role of macrophages?

<p>Release granules and DNA &quot;nets&quot; to cause necrosis at sites of infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activates neutrophils?

<p>Macrophages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following immune cells can activate CD4?

<p>Only antigen presenting cells can activate CD4. These are dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Both Neutrophils and Macrophages contain PRR (pattern recognition receptors)

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each immune cell to its functions

<p>Macrophage = Tissue resident, maintain homeostasis, remove old RBC in the spleen, secrete cytokines and chemokines, phagocytosis, antigen presenting, PRR, long- lived Neutrophils = Not tissue resident, most abundant circulating cell in blood, most abundant in bone marrow, awaits signals from macrophages, phagocytic, release granules, release DNA &quot;nets&quot;, makes up puss, PRR, short-lived Eosinophils = Parasites and helminth target, chronic asthma association, maintains TH2 environment Mast Cells = Tissue resident, uses B- cells and antigens, parasites, activated by IgE</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each immune cell to its functions

<p>Natural Killer Cells = Identify stressed and infected cells, uses MHC sensor, releases cytoxic proteins to initiate apoptosis, releases interferon gamma Dendritic Cells = Activate CD4 and CD8 T-cells, tissue resident when immature Basophils = Allergic responses and B-cell development N/A = N/A</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each function of complements to their definition

<p>Anaphylatoxin = Recruitment of immune system; Pro-inflammation Opsonization = Bind to bacteria so macrophages can dissolve (receptor mediated endocytosis) Membrane Attack Complex (MAC) = Bind to bacteria to punch hole into it and compromise membrane integrity N/A = N/A</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each complement to its role

<p>Anaphylatoxin = C4a,C3a, C5a Opsonin = C3b MAC = C5b, C6-C9 Enzymatic function = C4b</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each complement sequence of events to its correct order

<p>Step 1 = C1q, C1r and C1s are activated first(acquired immune response by antibody) • Cleave C4 into C4a Step 2 = C2 --&gt; enzymatically cleaved to make C2a and C2b;C4 enzymatically cleaved to make C4a and C4b;• Forms C4b2a enzyme that cleaves C3 into C3a and C3b (C3 convertase) Step 3 = C3 enzymatically cleaved to make C3a and C3b; Forms C5 convertase (C4b2a3b) Step 4 = C5 enzymatically cleaved to make C5a and C5b; C5b and C6-C9 form MAC</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of complement cascade involves antibodies?

<p>Classic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following complement pathways requires Mannose-binding proteins?

<p>Lectin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complement pathway starts with C3b?

<p>Alternative (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each complement inhibitor to its function

<p>MAC inhibitors = Inhibit C5b, C6- C9 N/A = N/A C1 inhibitors = Inhibit C4/ C2 Soluble membrane bound inhibitors = Inhibit C3 to protect against spontaneous C3b activation due to aqueous environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

The FAB region of an antibody is functional

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two adaptive responses?

<p>Clonal expansion and clonal selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not an example of a cytokine?

<p>Histamine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a soluble mediator of the immune response?

<p>Receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is both an antigen presenting cell and a phagocyte?

<p>Macrophage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does not involve the innate immune response?

<p>Memory responses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components of the immune response is considered anticipatory?

<p>B cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the phases of the immune response?

<p>Activation/ proliferation, differentiation, effector/ resolution, contraction, memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each immune response type to its description and pathogen

<p>Type 1 = Intracellular infection: Mycobacteria, viruses, protozoa Type 2 = Surface pathogens: helminths, arthropods Type 3 = Extracellular infection: bacteria/ fungi N/A = N/A</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each immune response type to its component

<p>Type 1 = Interferon, macrophages , natural killer cells Type 2 = Mast cells, eosinophils Type 3 = Neutrophils N/A = N/A</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each immune response type to its adaptive immune system component

<p>Type 1 = TH1 T cells Cytotoxic T lymphocytes IgM, IgG, IgA Type 2 = TH2 T cells IgE Type 3 = TH17 T cells N/A = N/A</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each immune response type to its immunopathology

<p>Type 1 = Autoimmune Type 2 = Allergies Type 3 = Autoimmune N/A = N/A</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of pathogen is the source of most infections?

<p>Virus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each receptor to its description

<p>Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR) = Mannose-binding Lectin (MBL) Antigen Binding Receptor = B Cell receptor (BCR), T Cell Receptor (TCR) Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR) = Toll Receptor Antigen Binding Receptor = Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC); Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) in humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not correct?

<p>TLR (Toll like receptor) are a pathogen associate molecular pattern (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each antibody to its description

<p>IgM = Activate complement; Can be secreted if IgE not made;o Forms pentamer (can bind to 10 potential antigens at the same time); Not useful for viral infections IgG = Crosses placenta; Neutralize viruses; Found in interstitial fluids (can leave blood); Most function/ most important; Longest half-life; Always single IgE = Parasite; Binds to surface of mast cells; Always bound IgA = Secretions (saliva); Mucosal immunity; Dimer when secreted/ Monomer when circulating in blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of IgD?

<p>Expressed on B cells that have never seen antigen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is this statement true: An immunogen is always an antigen?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is this statement true: An antigen is always an immunogen?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statement about antibodies is least accurate?

<p>The main functions of IgM is to neutralize viruses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Innate Immune Response Cells

  • Neutrophils and Macrophages contain PRR (pattern recognition receptors)
  • Macrophages are not solely adaptive immune response cells
  • Dendritic cells and neutrophils are not solely adaptive immune response cells

Adaptive Immune Response Cells

  • T cells recognize foreign pathogens through antigen presentation
  • B cells produce antibodies against specific antigens

Immune Response Cells' Functions

  • T cells: recognize foreign pathogens, activate CD4
  • B cells: produce antibodies against specific antigens
  • Macrophages: phagocytose foreign substances, activate CD4
  • Neutrophils: phagocytose foreign substances, activated by chemokines
  • Dendritic cells: present antigens to T cells

Complement System

  • Complement cascade involves antibodies (classical pathway)
  • Mannose-binding proteins are involved in the lectin pathway
  • Alternative pathway starts with C3b
  • Complement inhibitors regulate the complement cascade
  • FAB region of an antibody is functional

Immune Response

  • Adaptive responses: cell-mediated, humoral
  • Phases of immune response: recognition, activation, elimination
  • Types of immune responses: innate, adaptive, cell-mediated, humoral
  • Innate immune response: anticipatory, involves recognition of PAMPs
  • Adaptive immune response: involves recognition of specific antigens

Pathogens and Immune Response

  • Most infections are caused by bacterial pathogens
  • Immune response types:
    • Type I: against parasites and viruses
    • Type II: against bacteria and viruses
    • Type III: against bacteria and viruses
    • Type IV: against bacteria and viruses

Antibodies and Antigens

  • IgD is involved in the activation of B cells
  • An immunogen is not always an antigen, but an antigen is always an immunogen
  • Antibodies: recognize specific antigens, involved in the adaptive immune response
  • Antibody functions: neutralization, opsonization, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

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Identify the cell that is not part of the innate immune response. A crucial concept in immunology and biology.

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