Week 7: Inkjet Printing Techniques Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a key advantage of inkjet printing compared to other methods?

  • Ability to use multiple inks (correct)
  • Increased contamination from previous prints
  • Defined by rigid, fixed patterns
  • Requires mechanical stamps

    • Direct writing is a method that dates back many years.

    True (A)

    What does 'Drop-on-Demand' refer to in inkjet printing?

    A method where droplets are produced only when needed for printing.

    One disadvantage of contact printing is that it can lead to __________ from earlier prints.

    <p>contamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following inkjet printing characteristics with their descriptions:

    <p>Advantages = Minimized contamination Disadvantages = Incomplete ink transfer Production method = Layered manufacture Droplet behavior = Affected by voltage and frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does NOT affect droplet production in inkjet printing?

    <p>Temperature of the environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inkjet printing requires the use of a mechanical stamp to apply ink.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one type of inkjet printing mentioned in the lecture.

    <p>Drop-on-Demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily produces droplets in Drop on Demand (DOD) inkjet printing?

    <p>Pressure/velocity transients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thermal Inkjet Printing (TIJ) droplets can only be produced by piezoelectric transducers.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one advantage of Drop on Demand (DOD) inkjet printing over Thermal Inkjet Printing (TIJ).

    <p>Wider range of inks can be used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Drop on Demand printing, ink __________ imposes limitations on droplet formation.

    <p>rheology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of inkjet printing with their droplet ejection method:

    <p>Thermal Inkjet = Thin film resistors Drop on Demand = Piezoelectric material Continuous Inkjet = Ionization Bubble Jet = Pressure waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of Drop on Demand (DOD) inkjet printing?

    <p>Lower droplet formation rate than CIJ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Some manufacturers of DOD inkjet printing include Fujifilm Dimatix and MicroFab.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe one process involved in the droplet ejection for DOD inkjet printing using piezo technology.

    <p>The piezo moves outwards, creating pressure waves that propagate and reflect to eject the droplet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Reynolds number (Re) represent?

    <p>The ratio between viscosity and inertial force (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A higher Weber number (We) indicates a greater influence of surface tension on fluid behavior.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angle formed by a retreating droplet called?

    <p>Receding Angle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for the Weber number (We)?

    <p>We = ρ V² L / γ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A contact angle less than 90° indicates hydrophobic surfaces.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If Z > 2, then __________ formation in drop-on-demand systems is possible.

    <p>drop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are carbon fibre composites known for?

    <p>They are as strong as metals but much lighter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydrophobic glass has a contact angle of greater than __________.

    <p>90 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the parameters with their respective definitions:

    <p>Re = Viscosity to inertial force ratio We = Surface tension to inertial force ratio Z = Reynolds number to Weber number ratio Oh = Ohnesorge number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when 1 < Z < 10 according to Reis et al.?

    <p>Drop formation is possible, upper limit affects satellite formation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>Advancing Angle = Angle formed by a growing droplet Receding Angle = Angle formed by a retreating droplet Hydrophobic Surface = Contact angle greater than 90° Hydrophilic Surface = Contact angle less than 90°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material is mentioned as being printed using inkjet technology to synthesize polyaniline/silver nanocomposite?

    <p>Silk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lower limit of Z is controlled by surface tension.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to droplet volume as Z increases?

    <p>Droplet volume increases with Z.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inkjet printing is known for using large amounts of polymer during manufacturing.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one advantage of using inkjet printing for composite materials.

    <p>Highly controllable droplets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the stiffness in the interlaminar shear stress test represent?

    <p>Change in load per change in extension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Samples with printed polymeric agents showed a decrease in stiffness.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard deviation represented by in the graph?

    <p>error bar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The increase in stiffness for samples containing printed polymeric agents is up to ____%.

    <p>33.84</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their respective roles in the interlaminar shear stress test:

    <p>Δy = Load change Δx = Extension change n = 5 = Number of samples tested &lt; 1% = Additional weight increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the weight change of the samples?

    <p>Approximately 0.25% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The extension in the test is measured in units of N.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'n = 5' signify in the context of the experiment?

    <p>Number of samples tested</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary appeal of inkjet printing?

    <p>Its ability to reproducibly generate uniform sized droplets. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inkjet printing involves direct contact with the substrate.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is dot-spacing in the context of inkjet printing?

    <p>The distance between the centers of two droplets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inkjet printing is categorized into three types: continuous, _____, and piezo.

    <p>thermal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the droplet characteristics with their effects:

    <p>High viscosity = Jetting becomes impossible Large voltage = Larger droplet size Small dot-spacing = More overlap Droplet evaporation = Can lead to coffee staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen with large dot-spacings in inkjet printing?

    <p>They can cause line breaks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inkjet printing produces a significant amount of waste.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impacts the lifetime of a droplet from creation to its final dried feature?

    <p>Droplet impact, evaporation, and prevention of coffee staining.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing the viscosity of ink on droplet ejection?

    <p>Requires an increase in voltage to eject droplets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Density affects droplet generation in inkjet printing.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the viscosity range of ink that can be jetted in inkjet printing?

    <p>0.5 - 40 mPa.s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An increase in surface tension will require an increase in __________ to generate a droplet.

    <p>voltage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following ink properties with their effects:

    <p>Viscosity = Requires increased voltage for droplet ejection Density = Affects acoustic speed but not droplet generation Surface Tension = Higher values increase required voltage Low Surface Tension = Can lead to bubble formation in the nozzle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary method used for producing droplets in Thermal Inkjet Printing (TIJ)?

    <p>Thin film resistors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drop on Demand (DOD) inkjet printing has a higher droplet formation rate than Continuous Inkjet (CIJ) printing.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one advantage of Drop on Demand (DOD) inkjet printing.

    <p>No contamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DOD inkjet printing uses __________ to produce droplets through pressure changes.

    <p>piezoelectric material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of inkjet printing with their specific droplet ejection methods:

    <p>Thermal Inkjet = Thin film resistors Piezoelectric Inkjet = Piezoelectric transducers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of Thermal Inkjet Printing (TIJ)?

    <p>Limited ink range (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ink rheology does not affect droplet formation in inkjet printing.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the piezoelectric material in Drop on Demand (DOD) inkjet printing?

    <p>Induces volumetric changes to produce droplets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If Z < 1, drop formation in drop-on-demand systems is possible.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does an increase in Z have on droplet volume?

    <p>Droplet volume increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The characteristic length in the calculation of the Weber number is denoted as __________.

    <p>L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following parameters with their definitions:

    <p>Reynolds number (Re) = Ratio of viscosity to inertial force Weber number (We) = Ratio of surface tension to inertial force Ohnesorge number (Oh) = Re/We Z number = Dimensionless number indicating drop formation feasibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the Z number?

    <p>If Z &gt; 2, drop formation in drop-on-demand systems is possible (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Weber number is calculated by the formula We = ρV²L/η.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Oh-1' refer to in the relationship Re/We = Z?

    <p>Ohnesorge number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique characteristic of inkjet technology?

    <p>It is a non-contact technique. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Continuous Inkjet (CIJ) printers can function without the need for electrically conductive ink.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one advantage of Continuous Inkjet (CIJ) printing.

    <p>Rapid droplet formation rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inkjet technology was patented in the year ____ by William Thomson.

    <p>1867</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Non-contact technique = Does not require direct contact with the printing surface Electrostatic field = Used to charge and direct ink droplets Droplet recycling = Causes contamination in CIJ Rapid droplet formation = An advantage of Continuous Inkjet printing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage associated with Continuous Inkjet (CIJ) printing?

    <p>Ink must be electrically conducting. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lord Rayleigh contributed to understanding how fluid under pressure breaks into uniform droplets.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does CIJ stand for in the context of inkjet printing?

    <p>Continuous Inkjet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of Ink 2 used in the experiment?

    <p>74% IPDI and 1% BiNeo in DMF (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diameter of the printhead used for the inks is 80 μm.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What solvent is used in Ink 1?

    <p>DMF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The method used to determine interlaminar shear strength in fibre-reinforced plastics is known as the __________ method.

    <p>short-beam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the ink compositions with their respective percentages:

    <p>Ink 1 = 50% PEG1 Ink 2 = 74% IPDI P1 + Water = 5% P1 P1 + Ethanol = 5% P1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substrates were used for printing the droplets?

    <p>Glass slide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The image labeled 'c' shows droplets after curing.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What parameter is used to describe the pattern of droplets for all inks?

    <p>Hexagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of printed polymeric agents on the stiffness of samples?

    <p>Enhanced stiffness, with an increase of up to 33.84% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The extension in the interlaminar shear stress test is measured in units of millimeters.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the standard deviation represented by the error bar signify in the experiment?

    <p>It signifies the variability or spread of the data around the mean.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The measurement of stiffness is calculated using the formula Δy / Δx, where Δy represents the change in ________ and Δx represents the change in ________.

    <p>load, extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the sample types with their properties:

    <p>P1e = Polymeric agent present P1w = Virgin sample P2 = Control sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the addition of polymeric agents have on the weight of the samples?

    <p>Less than 1% additional weight, approximately 0.25% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Samples without printed polymeric agents have higher stiffness than those with added agents.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Inkjet Printing - Lecture 1: Droplet Ejection

    • Inkjet printing is a direct-write technology using jets of ink to create a print.
    • Direct writing is not new; ancient methods like cave paintings and hieroglyphics were forms of direct writing.
    • Inkjet technology has three main methods: stamping/contact printing, masking/stencilling, and direct writing (inkjet printing).
    • Stamping/contact printing involves a stamp, ink application, and print creation. Its advantages include reusable stamps and well-defined print but disadvantages include ink contamination from prior prints, incomplete ink transfer, and processing one ink at a time.
    • Masking/stencilling employs a stencil, ink application, and print creation; screen printing is an example. Its advantages include reusability of the stencil and the sharp definition of the print; disadvantages include prior contamination and single ink at a time.
    • Direct writing, exemplified by inkjet printing, involves printhead application, ink deployment, and print creation. Advantages highlighted are minimal/no contamination, multiple ink use, and reduced process steps (which reduces cost). Disadvantages are incomplete ink transfer and potential droplet misbehavior, especially with lower loadings.
    • Inkjet printing decreases the number of steps to create features.
    • Lecture 1 covered: direct writing, inkjet history, inkjet types, droplet generation in Drop-on-Demand inkjet, fluid mechanics, droplet volume, rheology influence, voltage, pulse width & frequency influence, droplet production factors, comments & references.

    Inkjet Printing - Lecture 2: Droplet Behaviour & Control

    • Lecture 2's outline covers: droplet impact, behavior of lines, droplet evaporation, coffee staining, and coffee staining prevention.

    • Droplet impact is essential and examined in this lecture.

    • Understanding droplet behavior is critical for producing uniform printed features on a substrate.

    • Coffee staining is a central topic impacting the quality of printed materials. Methods to prevent coffee staining are also discussed.

    • The lifetime of a droplet from creation to final dried feature is explored in detail.

    Inkjet Printing - Lecture 3: Applications of Inkjet Printing

    • Lecture 3 focuses on applications using inkjet printing.
    • Areas covered include printed electronics, strategies for narrower lines, THz receiver coils, MOD Inks and Nanoparticle Inks, MRI coils, organic transistors, controlling coffee stains, and inkjet and composites manufacturing.
    • The lecture also touches on applications like tissue engineering, though these weren't covered in detail.
    • A key topic discussed was how narrow lines can be created in printed electronics using inkjet printing.
    • Different types of inks, like MOD (metallo-organic decomposition) inks and nanoparticle inks, were discussed with respect to their applications.

    Additional Topics

    • Inkjet Printing and MEMS This area investigated the use of inkjet printing for creating microlenses on various substrates, including glass and silicon, with or without self-assembled monolayers (SAMs).
    • Coffee Staining and Deegan's theory: Key concepts and explanations for coffee staining were presented, emphasizing the volatile nature of the solvent, the role of contact lines, and the significance of evaporation at the contact line.
    • TIPS-Pentacene/PS Blends: The use of specific blends for improved characteristics in organic semiconductors and improvements in ink formulation and cost-effectiveness.
    • PIXDRO printing: Focuses on the controlled printing of channels for improved transistor applications.
    • Standard Mechanical Testing of fibre-reinforced plastic composites involved interlaminar fracture toughness, specifically G₁c, and interlaminar shear strength as core mechanical performance properties.
    • Numerical Data Summary: Presented summarized data on devices' characteristics and their corresponding parameters relevant to the performance of various types of ink.
    • Pattern - Hexagon: The discussion centers around the hexagonal pattern formation and analysis of parameters related to the pattern, emphasizing specific dimensions.

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