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L1 SAQ Part 2 - Inheritance Patterns Quiz

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L1 SAQ Part 2 - Inheritance Patterns Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a genome?

A genome is all of the hereditary information that an organism has encoded in its DNA (or for some viruses RNA).

What is a chromosome?

A chromosome is a threadlike structure of DNA and protein (chromatin) found in the nucleus of most living cells. Each chromosome has many genes, which carry genetic information.

How many pairs of chromosomes do human cells have?

Human cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes.

What is the difference between incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity?

Incomplete penetrance refers to the probability of a genotype/trait being expressed, while variable expressivity refers to the range of symptoms displayed in individuals with the same fully penetrant genotype. Signup and view all the answers

How does incomplete penetrance affect the expression of a phenotype?

Incomplete penetrance means that the phenotype is only expressed in a fraction (%) of the population with the genotype. Signup and view all the answers

What is incomplete dominance?

Incomplete dominance is a form of intermediate inheritance in dominant disorders where one allele is not completely expressed over its paired allele, resulting in a blending of traits. Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical phenotype of most dominant genetic traits in heterozygotes?

The clinical phenotype of most dominant genetic traits in heterozygotes is in-between that of the wild-type (aa) and mutant homozygotes (AA). Signup and view all the answers

Define the term 'allele'.

An allele is each of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place (locus) on a chromosome. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous?

Homozygous refers to a gene with identical alleles on both homologous chromosomes, while heterozygous refers to a gene with different alleles on each homologous chromosome. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the terms 'phenotype' and 'genotype'.

Phenotype refers to the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, as determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences. Genotype refers to the entire set of alleles in an organism that determines the expression of its characteristics or traits. Signup and view all the answers

What are Mendelian characters and how do they inherit?

Mendelian characters are specific identifiable traits that show a clear-cut pattern of inheritance. They inherit according to monogenic inheritance, where the specific trait depends mostly on the genotype at a single gene locus. Signup and view all the answers