Inheritance and Sex-linked Genes
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the protein encoded by the SRY gene?

  • To regulate genes involved in hair growth
  • To trigger a cascade of biochemical, physiological, and anatomical features (correct)
  • To develop generic embryonic gonads into testes
  • To regulate genes involved in eye color

    • What is the characteristic of the Y chromosome in the X-Y system?

  • It is smaller than the X chromosome (correct)
  • It has no genes coding for proteins
  • It is larger than the X chromosome
  • It has more genes than the X chromosome

    • What percentage of genes on the Y chromosome are expressed only in the testes?

  • 50% (correct)
  • 75%
  • 100%
  • 25%

    • Who passes sex-linked alleles to all their daughters but none of their sons?

    <p>Fathers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chance of a female inheriting a double dose of the mutant allele compared to a male inheriting a single dose?

    <p>Lower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a gene located on either sex chromosome?

    <p>Sex-linked gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the correlation between a particular trait and an individual's sex found by Morgan?

    <p>It supported the chromosome theory of inheritance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On which chromosome is a specific gene for eye color carried?

    <p>X chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of sex-linked genes?

    <p>They exhibit unique patterns of inheritance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the SRY gene?

    <p>It is required for the development of testes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage do the anatomical signs of sex first appear in human embryos?

    <p>When the embryo is about two months old.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of sex chromosomes in males?

    <p>They are XY and can pair during meiosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together?

    <p>Linked genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected ratio of phenotypes according to the law of independent assortment?

    <p>1:1:1:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the deviation from the expected ratio of phenotypes in Morgan's cross?

    <p>The genes are on the same chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the mutant alleles in Morgan's cross?

    <p>They are recessive to the wild-type alleles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of nondisjunction during meiosis?

    <p>A decrease in the number of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do plants tolerate genetic defects to a greater extent than animals?

    <p>The reason is not specified in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of nondisjunction during meiosis?

    <p>One gamete receives two of the same type of chromosome, and another gamete receives no copy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a cell with an abnormal number of chromosomes?

    <p>Aneuploidy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a trisomic cell?

    <p>2n + 1 chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism with more than two complete sets of chromosomes?

    <p>Polyploidy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups is more likely to be polyploid?

    <p>Plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of polyploidy in the evolution of plants?

    <p>It plays an important role in the evolution of plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ploidy of wheat?

    <p>Hexaploid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a chromosome fragment lacking a centromere is lost during cell division?

    <p>A deletion occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a nonreciprocal crossover during meiosis?

    <p>One chromosome with a deletion and one chromosome with a duplication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely outcome of a diploid embryo that is homozygous for a large deletion?

    <p>The embryo will be lethal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are polyploids more nearly normal in phenotype than aneuploids?

    <p>Polyploids have a more balanced set of genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a chromosomal fragment attaching to a nonhomologous chromosome?

    <p>A translocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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