30 Questions
What is the primary function of the protein encoded by the SRY gene?
To trigger a cascade of biochemical, physiological, and anatomical features
What is the characteristic of the Y chromosome in the X-Y system?
It is smaller than the X chromosome
What percentage of genes on the Y chromosome are expressed only in the testes?
50%
Who passes sex-linked alleles to all their daughters but none of their sons?
Fathers
What is the chance of a female inheriting a double dose of the mutant allele compared to a male inheriting a single dose?
Lower
What is the term for a gene located on either sex chromosome?
Sex-linked gene
What is the significance of the correlation between a particular trait and an individual's sex found by Morgan?
It supported the chromosome theory of inheritance.
On which chromosome is a specific gene for eye color carried?
X chromosome
What is the characteristic of sex-linked genes?
They exhibit unique patterns of inheritance.
What is the function of the SRY gene?
It is required for the development of testes.
At what stage do the anatomical signs of sex first appear in human embryos?
When the embryo is about two months old.
What is the characteristic of sex chromosomes in males?
They are XY and can pair during meiosis.
What is the term for genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together?
Linked genes
What is the expected ratio of phenotypes according to the law of independent assortment?
1:1:1:1
What is the reason for the deviation from the expected ratio of phenotypes in Morgan's cross?
The genes are on the same chromosome
What is the characteristic of the mutant alleles in Morgan's cross?
They are recessive to the wild-type alleles
What is the result of nondisjunction during meiosis?
A decrease in the number of chromosomes
Why do plants tolerate genetic defects to a greater extent than animals?
The reason is not specified in the text
What is the result of nondisjunction during meiosis?
One gamete receives two of the same type of chromosome, and another gamete receives no copy
What is the term for a cell with an abnormal number of chromosomes?
Aneuploidy
What is the result of a trisomic cell?
2n + 1 chromosomes
What is the term for an organism with more than two complete sets of chromosomes?
Polyploidy
Which of the following groups is more likely to be polyploid?
Plants
What is the significance of polyploidy in the evolution of plants?
It plays an important role in the evolution of plants
What is the ploidy of wheat?
Hexaploid
What happens when a chromosome fragment lacking a centromere is lost during cell division?
A deletion occurs
What is the result of a nonreciprocal crossover during meiosis?
One chromosome with a deletion and one chromosome with a duplication
What is the likely outcome of a diploid embryo that is homozygous for a large deletion?
The embryo will be lethal
Why are polyploids more nearly normal in phenotype than aneuploids?
Polyploids have a more balanced set of genes
What is the result of a chromosomal fragment attaching to a nonhomologous chromosome?
A translocation
Understand how the correlation between traits and sex supports the chromosome theory of inheritance. Learn about sex-linked genes, X and Y chromosomes, and their unique patterns of inheritance in humans and other mammals.
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