Inhaled Corticosteroids Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which medication is used for prophylaxis and long-term treatment of asthma?

  • Montelukast
  • Zileuton
  • Zafirlukast
  • Corticosteroids (correct)

    • What is a common side effect of corticosteroids?

  • Nausea (correct)
  • Dizziness
  • Insomnia
  • Headache

    • Which medication has a black box warning for serious mood-related changes and behaviors?

  • Montelukast (correct)
  • Zileuton
  • Corticosteroids
  • Zafirlukast

    • What is an important contraindication for corticosteroids?

    <p>Known drug allergy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for inhaled corticosteroids?

    <p>Positive sputum test for candida organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of corticosteroids?

    <p>Respiratory depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mast cell stabilizers?

    <p>Anti-inflammatory effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are IV corticosteroids typically used in the treatment of respiratory conditions?

    <p>During acute exacerbations of asthma or COPD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of corticosteroids?

    <p>Bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for corticosteroid use?

    <p>Status asthmaticus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of respiratory drugs prevents leukotrienes from attaching to receptors on cells?

    <p>LTRAs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation might Theophylline be used?

    <p>Fast-acting IV treatment for status asthmaticus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of inhaled corticosteroids?

    <p>Oral fungal infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of mast cell stabilizers in respiratory conditions?

    <p>Anti-inflammatory effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is considered the only corticosteroid suitable for use in acute exacerbations of asthma or COPD?

    <p>Dexamethasone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation might IV corticosteroids be used for respiratory conditions?

    <p>Acute exacerbations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Theophylline?

    <p>Inhibition of phosphodiesterase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the dosage forms of Theophylline?

    <p>Available in oral, rectal, injectable, and inhalation forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential concern with using Theophylline due to its relationship with caffeine?

    <p>Exacerbation of side effects such as headache and insomnia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential effect of Leukotrienes on the respiratory system?

    <p>Vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of respiratory drugs works by increasing levels of energy-producing cAMP?

    <p>Xanthine derivatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for anticholinergics in the context of COPD treatment?

    <p>Reducing secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do xanthine derivatives primarily cause bronchodilation in the airways?

    <p>Relaxing smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of respiratory drug therapy, which medication is often dosed twice daily as a liquid aerosol for inhalation?

    <p>Ipratropium (Atrovent)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common adverse effect of xanthine derivatives used for bronchodilation?

    <p>Increased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for the use of anticholinergic bronchodilators like Ipratropium (Atrovent) in COPD?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of respiratory drugs is known for preventing leukotrienes from attaching to receptors on cells?

    <p>Leukotriene receptor antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key drug effects of anticholinergic bronchodilators like Tiotropium (Spiriva) in patients with COPD?

    <p>Smooth muscle relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for using Beta-Adrenergic Agonists during the acute phase of asthmatic attacks?

    <p>Reducing airway constriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common contraindication for Beta-Adrenergic Agonists in the treatment of pulmonary diseases?

    <p>Drug allergy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists in the context of respiratory conditions?

    <p>Preventing leukotrienes from attaching to receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some adverse effects associated with Beta-Adrenergic Agonists in addition to insomnia and vascular headache?

    <p>Anorexia and restlessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is commonly associated with nonselective beta-adrenergic medications such as Metaproterenol?

    <p>Anginal pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for advising patients about the potential side effects of using albuterol too frequently?

    <p>Loss of beta 2 specific actions at higher doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of anticholinergics in the context of bronchodilation?

    <p>Binding to ACh receptors to prevent ACh binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following effects is NOT commonly associated with leukotriene receptor antagonists in the treatment of respiratory conditions?

    <p>Vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial aspect of patient education regarding the use of Theophylline?

    <p>Avoiding caffeine consumption to prevent toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the therapeutic range for Aminophylline?

    <p>10-20 mcg/mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the pharmacokinetics of Theophylline makes dosing particularly challenging?

    <p>Wide variation in half-life among patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary indication for bronchodilator medications like Beta-adrenergic agonists?

    <p>Maintenance treatment of asthma and COPD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of drugs that increase the breakdown of cAMP in the context of respiratory conditions?

    <p>Inhibit phosphodiesterase enzymes that break down cAMP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anticholinergics

    • Mechanism of action: Reduce secretions in COPD patients
    • Indications: Prevention of bronchospasm associated with chronic bronchitis or emphysema, not for management of acute symptoms
    • Adverse effects: Dry mouth, dry throat, coughing, anxiety, headache, heart palpitations, gastrointestinal distress, nasal congestion

    Anticholinergic Bronchodilators

    • Ipratropium (Atrovent): Oldest and most commonly used, available as a liquid aerosol for inhalation and as a multidose inhaler, dosed twice daily
    • Tiotropium (Spiriva)
    • Aclidinium (Tudorza)
    • Umeclidinium (Incruse Ellipta)

    Xanthine Derivatives

    • Mechanism of action: Increase levels of energy-producing cAMP by inhibiting phosphodiesterase
    • Result: Decreased cAMP levels, smooth muscle relaxation, bronchodilation, and increased airflow
    • Drug effects: Bronchodilation by relaxing smooth muscle in the airways, relief of bronchospasm, and increased airflow
    • CNS stimulation and cardiovascular stimulation, increasing heart rate and cardiac output, and resulting in diuretic effects

    Beta-Adrenergics

    • Nonselective beta-adrenergics: Stimulate both beta1 and beta2 receptors, example: Metaproterenol
    • Adverse effects: Cardiac stimulation, tremors, anginal pain, vascular headache, hypotension

    Selective Beta2 Drugs

    • Stimulate only beta2 receptors, example: Albuterol
    • Adverse effects: Hypotension or hypertension, vascular headache, or tremors
    • Common side effect: Tremors
    • Note: Albuterol can lose beta2 specificity at larger doses, causing systemic effects such as nausea, increased anxiety, palpitations, tremors, and increased heart rate

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    Description

    Learn about the indications and contraindications of inhaled corticosteroids, the primary treatment for bronchospastic disorders and persistent asthma. Understand when they are used concurrently with beta-adrenergic agonists and when they should not be used.

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