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Questions and Answers
What is a consequence of the information revolution affecting governance?
What is a consequence of the information revolution affecting governance?
- It has complicated the capabilities of governments to coordinate solutions. (correct)
- It has reduced the number of issues to be addressed by governments.
- It has made governments more powerful than ever.
- It has shifted power exclusively to large corporations.
Which event does Homer-Dixon use to illustrate the features of the ingenuity gap?
Which event does Homer-Dixon use to illustrate the features of the ingenuity gap?
- The accident at Three Mile Island
- United Airlines flight 232 (correct)
- The Challenger disaster
- The sinking of the Titanic
How have technological developments impacted human interactions?
How have technological developments impacted human interactions?
- They have slowed down the pace of human interactions significantly.
- They have simplified interactions by reducing communication options.
- They have eliminated environmental and epidemiological stresses.
- They have increased the density, intensity, and pace of interactions. (correct)
What type of ingenuity does Homer-Dixon NOT mention as a category?
What type of ingenuity does Homer-Dixon NOT mention as a category?
What contributes to the stresses faced by the environment today?
What contributes to the stresses faced by the environment today?
What is one of Homer-Dixon's views on the role of market capitalism in innovation?
What is one of Homer-Dixon's views on the role of market capitalism in innovation?
What is a characteristic of the architecture of a synchronous failure?
What is a characteristic of the architecture of a synchronous failure?
According to Homer-Dixon, which of the following correctly describes the relationship between ingenuity and innovation?
According to Homer-Dixon, which of the following correctly describes the relationship between ingenuity and innovation?
In the context of synchronous failure, what comes first?
In the context of synchronous failure, what comes first?
According to Homer-Dixon, which type of ingenuity is a prerequisite for another type?
According to Homer-Dixon, which type of ingenuity is a prerequisite for another type?
What effectively characterizes the second phase of a synchronous failure?
What effectively characterizes the second phase of a synchronous failure?
Which factor exemplifies the shift in power dynamics today?
Which factor exemplifies the shift in power dynamics today?
Which factor is NOT mentioned by Homer-Dixon as affecting the requirement for ingenuity?
Which factor is NOT mentioned by Homer-Dixon as affecting the requirement for ingenuity?
What is the nature of the economic optimists' view regarding society's need for ingenuity?
What is the nature of the economic optimists' view regarding society's need for ingenuity?
What does the 'long fuse, big bomb' concept imply in the context of synchronous failures?
What does the 'long fuse, big bomb' concept imply in the context of synchronous failures?
Which of the following types of ingenuity does Homer-Dixon relate most to societal interactions?
Which of the following types of ingenuity does Homer-Dixon relate most to societal interactions?
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Study Notes
Ingenuity Gap and Illustrations
- United Airlines flight 232 serves as a key illustration of the ingenuity gap concept.
- Contrasts with other examples like the accident at Three Mile Island, which was incorrectly chosen.
Types of Ingenuity
- Ingenuity is categorized into four types:
- Biophysical
- Technical
- Social
- Geopolitical
Market Capitalism and Innovation
- Efficiently operating markets are believed to encourage innovation.
- Capitalist markets can produce an adequate supply of ingenuity but are criticized for primarily benefiting the wealthy and powerful.
- There are instances where capitalist markets fail to generate sufficient ingenuity.
Ingenuity versus Innovation
- All innovations require some level of ingenuity, yet not all ingenuity translates directly into innovation.
- No systematic correlation exists suggesting that all ingenuity results in innovation.
Prerequisites for Ingenuity Types
- Social ingenuity is essential for fostering technical ingenuity.
Factors Affecting Ingenuity Needs
- Several factors influence the necessity for ingenuity:
- Changing values
- Increasing number of surprises
- Decreasing resources
- Extended time horizons
Economic Optimists' Perspective
- Economic optimists tend to overestimate society's ingenuity requirements while underestimating the capacity to provide this ingenuity.
Current Problems Compared to the Past
- The complexity and frequency of modern issues surpass historical challenges due to:
- The information revolution enhancing individual and subgroup power, complicating governance.
- Rapid technological advancements increasing interaction density and environmental stress.
- Population growth leading to greater energy and material consumption.
- Augmented technological capabilities for production, invention, communication, and destruction.
Characteristics of Synchronous Failure Architecture
- Synchronous failures are defined by:
- Multiple simultaneous stresses affecting systems.
- Ramifying cascades of effects.
- Long fuse, big bomb scenarios.
- Consequences often transcend a single system.
Phases of Synchronous Failure
- The initial phase involves slow processes primarily affecting a single system.
- The subsequent phase features fast processes impacting multiple systems simultaneously.
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