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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of maceration?
What is a limitation of the maceration process?
What is the main difference between percolation and maceration?
What is the difference between a fresh infusion and a concentrated infusion?
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What is the primary purpose of infusion?
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What is the primary purpose of decoction?
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Which process requires a skilled operator?
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What is a merit of percolation?
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What is a demerit of percolation?
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What is not a type of infusion?
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Study Notes
Extraction Methods
- Infusion: used for soft plant parts, cold or boiling water is used, and extraction time is calculated from when water is added
- Decoction: used for hard plant parts, boiling water is used, and extraction time is calculated from when water begins to boil
- Digestion: a form of maceration that uses gentle heat during extraction, suitable for moderately elevated temperatures
Maceration
- A process where solid ingredients are placed in a solvent and allowed to stand for 3-7 days with frequent agitation
- Merits: small sample size, strong swelling properties, energy-saving process
- Demerits: not exhaustively extract the drug, slow process, requires more solvent
Percolation
- A method of continuous downward displacement of solvent through a bed of crude drug material
- Used to extract active ingredients in the preparation of tinctures and fluid extracts
- Merits: requires less time than maceration, allows for extraction of thermolabile constituents
- Demerits: requires more time than soxhalation, requires more solvent, requires a skilled person
Differences between Maceration and Percolation
- Maceration: suitable for less potent and cheap drugs, no skilled operator required, time-consuming
- Percolation: suitable for potent and costly drugs, skilled operator required, complete extraction within a short time
Infusion
- A method of macerating the crude drug for a short period of time with cold or boiling water
- Types: fresh infusion (e.g. infusion of orange) and concentrated infusion (e.g. concentrated infusion of Quassia)
Definition of Extraction
- A method of removing active constituents from a solid or liquid by means of liquid solvents
- Separation of medicinally active portions of the plant or animal tissues from the inactive or inert components
Application of Extraction
- Separation of elements
- Concentration of impurities
- Identification and quantitative definition of chemical agents or substance markers
- Studying of formation constant of complexes
- Studying of substance conditions in a solution (a charge, polymerization degree)
- Increase of sensitivity and selectivity of reactions
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Description
This quiz compares and contrasts infusion and decoction methods used to extract water-soluble, heat-stable constituents from plant parts. Learn the differences and when to use each method.
