Informed Consent in Medicine

False (B)

Understand risks, benefits, and alternatives; evaluate information; express treatment preferences; and make voluntary decisions.

<p>treatments</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physician = Responsible for disclosing risks and benefits Nurse = May confirm the physician's explanation and witness signature Patient = Must understand risks and make decisions Hospital = Generally not responsible for informing about risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The risks, benefits, and alternatives (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tuskegee Syphilis Study and Nazi experiments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding the risks, benefits, and alternatives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nature of the patient’s illness, procedure consented to, risks, benefits, and alternative methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>gaining consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Admission Consent = Consent given for a patient to be admitted Implied Consent = Consent inferred from actions rather than words Judicial Consent = Consent granted by a court Statutory Consent = Consent as required by law</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct Consent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nodding head or showing up at the agreed-upon time for a procedure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patient's understanding of risks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To balance full disclosure with the potential impact on the patient's decision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>subjective</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding risks, benefits, and alternatives = First step in assessing decision-making capacity Evaluating the provided information = Second step in assessing decision-making capacity Expressing treatment preferences = Third step in assessing decision-making capacity Fourth step = Not explicitly stated in the content</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patient's age and medical condition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure that the patient is fully informed before making a decision about treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In emergency situations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limited power of attorney</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>exception</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parental Consent = Consent from a parent or guardian for medical treatment of a minor Emancipated Minor = A minor legally granted the rights of an adult Informed Consent = Consent obtained by informing the patient of the risks involved Refusal of Treatment = A patient's right to refuse medical intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seek consent from the nearest relative (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>release</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$50,000 per violation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To increase the number of Americans covered by health insurance and reduce healthcare costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>fine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mental health and substance use disorder services = Including counseling and psychotherapy Laboratory services = Diagnostic tests and services Pediatric services = Including oral and vision care for children Rehabilitative services and devices = Helping individuals recover physical skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CARES Act (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Support for employees injured on the job or who become ill due to job-related conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>stimulus checks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Economic Impact Payments = Stimulus checks for families Small Business Loans = Financial assistance for businesses Employee Retention Credits = Incentive to retain employees Public Health Expenditures = Funding for COVID-19 related health expenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patient matching and transparency in health IT (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sign an authorization to release medical information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A conversation between a patient and physician about a medical procedure, including the procedure's rationale, alternatives, benefits, risks, and potential complications.

Patients must understand treatment risks, benefits, alternatives, and express their preferences.

Physicians must provide sufficient information for patients to make informed decisions regarding procedures.

Nurses typically don't advise on procedures, but may confirm the physician explained everything.

Hospitals are less responsible for informing patients about risks/benefits of some procedures.

To protect patients from harm, ensure appropriate decision-making, and prevent unethical treatment/research practices.

Patient's capacity to understand the information, evaluate choices, and make decisions.

An elderly patient breaking a hip: informed decisions about possible treatments must be made.

Physicians must provide enough information about treatment options, risks, and consequences, considering patient understanding and needs.

Weighing the need for full disclosure against potential negative impact on the patient's decision-making.

A test in determining patient consent that considers if a "reasonable person" would have refused treatment given the information provided.

A test that relies on a patient's testimony, requiring proof that they wouldn't have consented if properly informed.

Evaluates a patient's ability to understand risks, benefits, and alternatives, evaluate information, and express treatment preferences.

A patient's comprehension of the proposed test or procedure's risks, benefits, and alternatives is essential.

The ability for the patient to evaluate the information given by the physician is a key component of their decision-making capacity.

The patient expressing their treatment preference is necessary to discern their decision-making capacity.

A patient's right to make decisions about their own treatment without undue influence.

Patient understanding of treatment risks, benefits, alternatives, and ability to express preferences.

A legally documented agreement to a specific medical procedure, including details like risks, alternatives, and signatures.More difficult to corroborate.

Consent not explicitly given, but inferred from patient actions (e.g., nodding agreement for a procedure).

In emergency situations, treatment can be administered without explicit consent assuming patient would want life-saving measures initiated.

Specific consent forms needed for different procedures and situations.

Crucial for patients to understand potential risks, benefits, and alternative choices to make informed decisions about their treatment options.

The manner in which patients communicate their desires with respect to treatment plans.

Consent is generally assumed in emergency situations, such as ambulance care, when a patient can't provide informed consent due to their condition.

These laws protect healthcare providers from liability when providing emergency care in good faith, even without formal consent.

When a physician doubts a patient's capacity to consent, they may suggest obtaining a second opinion from another physician.

Parents or legal guardians can consent to medical treatment for their children, except in cases of emancipated minors.

This grants limited authority to individuals, like school officials or camp counselors, to seek emergency care for a child on behalf of their parents or legal guardian.

Patients have the right to refuse any medical treatment, even for no reason.

When a patient leaves a hospital or healthcare facility against their doctor's recommendation.

In uncertain situations, medical professionals should prioritize preserving life, even if it requires acting without complete consent.

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) aimed to ensure all Americans had access to affordable health insurance. It sought to expand health insurance coverage and improve the quality of health care.

The PPACA requires all health insurance plans to cover 10 essential health benefits. These include services like ambulatory care, emergency care, hospitalization, mental health treatment, prescription drugs, and preventive services.

The PPACA's individual mandate required most Americans to have health insurance or pay a penalty. This was intended to encourage more people to enroll in health insurance plans.

The individual mandate was repealed in 2019 under the Trump administration. This meant Americans were no longer penalized for not having health insurance.

The future of the PPACA is uncertain beyond 2021. There are ongoing debates and changes related to regulations and funding, influencing access to healthcare and insurance.

A $2 trillion economic relief package passed in 2020 to help Americans affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

A system providing financial support to employees injured on the job, covering medical bills and lost wages.

Legislation aimed at improving patient data matching and transparency in electronic health records.

The use of AI to improve healthcare processes, such as diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient care.

Direct payments made to individuals during economic crises, often referred to as 'stimulus checks.'

Tax credits for businesses that keep employees on payroll during economic downturns.

A temporary delay in paying payroll taxes, giving businesses some financial relief.