Informational Text Structures and Features
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Questions and Answers

What does a cause and effect structure primarily demonstrate?

  • A detailed description of an event.
  • The similarities and differences between ideas.
  • The chronological order of events.
  • How certain actions lead to particular outcomes. (correct)

Which organizational aid helps readers locate specific parts of a written work?

  • Glossary
  • Index (correct)
  • Headings
  • Preface

What is the main purpose of using graphics in informational texts?

  • To condense and clarify large amounts of information. (correct)
  • To enhance the creative writing aspect of the text.
  • To provide complex opinions about the subject.
  • To create a detailed narrative of events.

In a compare and contrast structure, what is evaluated?

<p>Similarities and differences between two subjects. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is NOT commonly used to highlight important areas of information in a text?

<p>Personal opinions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the chronological order structure in informational writing?

<p>Presenting events in the sequence they occurred. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to distinguish between facts, persuasion, and informed opinions?

<p>To enhance critical thinking and comprehension skills. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does a descriptive structure play in informational texts?

<p>It describes events vividly to engage the audience. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a table of contents in a document?

<p>To provide a roadmap of the document's structure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of persuasion appeals specifically to emotions?

<p>Pathos (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a biography from an autobiography?

<p>An autobiography is written by the subject themselves. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which document established a legal form of self-government for the Pilgrims?

<p>The Mayflower Compact (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary aim of the Letter from Birmingham Jail?

<p>To respond to criticisms of King's methods and ideas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of literary nonfiction?

<p>Historical fiction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Bill of Rights?

<p>It is the first ten amendments to the Constitution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes narrative journalism?

<p>Factual data presented informally with narrative techniques. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of social contract theory was emphasized by John Locke?

<p>It is an agreement between the people and their leaders. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Martin Luther King Jr. express disappointment about in his letter?

<p>The complacency of middle-class Blacks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What moral stance was highlighted in Thoreau's essay 'Civil Disobedience'?

<p>Resistance against unjust governmental actions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key principle does Thoreau's concept of civil disobedience emphasize?

<p>The right to protest against injustice non-violently (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which literary movement was Thoreau associated with that influenced his ideas?

<p>Transcendentalism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Thoreau suggest that individuals could protest against injustice?

<p>By refusing to pay taxes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following figures were notably influenced by Thoreau's essay on civil disobedience?

<p>Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the first steps in 'reading' artistic media, according to the content?

<p>Noting what the work is literally showing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of an artwork does the context include when interpreting its meaning?

<p>The title and historical context (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Informational Text Structure

The way an author organizes information in a nonfiction text.

Cause and Effect Structure

Shows how one event causes another.

Compare and Contrast Structure

Highlights similarities and differences between things (people, ideas, places, etc.).

Chronological Order

Organizes events in the order they happened.

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Problem and Solution

Describes a problem and how it was solved.

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Descriptive Structure

Uses vivid language to explain or illustrate a subject.

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Supplemental Features

Extra parts of a text (e.g., table of contents, index).

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Print Features

Guides within a printed text like table of contents and index.

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Organizational Aids

Elements within the text that help readers find important information (headings, subheadings, etc.).

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Civil Disobedience

The act of refusing to obey laws or government demands as a form of peaceful protest against perceived injustice.

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Transcendentalism

A philosophical movement that emphasized individualism, spirituality, self-reliance, and a connection with nature, rejecting materialism.

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Reading Visual Media

Analyzing visual art like paintings, sculptures, or photographs to understand the artist's message and intended meaning.

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Artistic Choices

The deliberate decisions artists make about elements like color, composition, materials, and camera angles to convey meaning in their work.

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Contextual Analysis

Understanding the historical, cultural, and social background of a work of art to interpret its meaning more fully.

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Interpreting Visual Art

Going beyond the literal subject of a piece of visual media to understand its deeper meaning and the artist's perspectives.

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Persuasion Techniques

Methods used to convince someone of a particular point of view.

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Logos

A type of persuasive technique that uses facts, statistics, and logical arguments to support a claim.

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Pathos

A type of persuasive technique that appeals to emotions to sway an audience.

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Kairos

A persuasive technique that creates a sense of urgency or timeliness.

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Literary Nonfiction

Fact-based writing that uses literary techniques, such as storytelling and vivid language.

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Nonfiction Essay

A short piece of writing that explores a topic and can be expository, personal, or persuasive.

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Personal Narrative Nonfiction

Writing about the author's own experiences, including autobiographies, memoirs, diaries, and journals.

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Biography

A true story about someone's life written by someone else.

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Autobiography

A story about a person's life written by that person.

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Social Contract Theory

The idea that government is an agreement between the people and their leaders.

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Study Notes

Informational Text Structures

  • Informational texts convey information or build on prior knowledge.
  • Cause and effect: Shows how actions lead to events.
  • Compare and contrast: Highlights similarities and differences between subjects.
  • Chronological order: Presents events in their sequence.
  • Problem and solution: Outlines a situation and its resolution.
  • Descriptive structure: Uses descriptive language to bring an event to life.

Informational Text Features

  • Informational texts are organized.
  • Supplemental features enhance understanding.
  • Print features: Table of contents, preface, index, glossary.
  • Organizational aids: Different fonts, bold/color/italics, headings/subheadings, bullets/margin notes.
  • Illustrations/graphics: Photographs, drawings, graphs, tables, maps, diagrams to condense complex information.

Evaluating Information

  • Distinguishing facts, persuasion, and informed opinions is crucial.
  • Facts: Proven ideas.
  • Persuasion: Convincing the audience to think a certain way.
    • Types of persuasion: Big names, logos (numbers/data), pathos (emotions), kairos (urgency).
  • Informed opinions: Judgments based on all sides of an argument.

Literary Nonfiction

  • Literary nonfiction (creative nonfiction): Fact-based writing using fiction techniques like plot, characters, setting, descriptive imagery, figurative language, tone.
  • Types of literary nonfiction:
    • Nonfiction essays (expository, personal, persuasive).
    • Personal narrative nonfiction (autobiographies, memoirs, diaries, journals, letters, biographies).
    • Science writing.
    • Narrative journalism (current events, travel, sports, food).
    • Narrative history.

Types of Nonfiction

  • Nonfiction: True or factual writing.
  • Types:
    • Informational nonfiction: Factual texts (self-help, guides, academic texts, journalism).
    • Literary nonfiction: Fact-based writing with literary elements (biographies, autobiographies).

Key Historical Documents

  • Mayflower Compact: 1620, established self-government.
  • Social contract theory: Agreement between people and leaders.
  • Declaration of Independence: 1776, declared American independence.
  • Articles of Confederation: 1777, first U.S. constitution.
  • U.S. Constitution: 1787, outlines government powers.
  • U.S. Bill of Rights: First ten amendments.
  • Gettysburg Address (1863).
  • Emancipation Proclamation: 1863, freed slaves in Confederate states.

Civil Rights Movement

  • Martin Luther King Jr. arrest in Birmingham, Alabama: Protest against segregation and police brutality.
  • King's beliefs and influences: Admiration for Jesus and Lincoln, belief that extreme action may sometimes be warranted.
  • Letter from Birmingham Jail: King's response to clergymen's criticism.
  • Groups King was disappointed in: Middle-class Blacks, white moderates, Black separatists.
  • Letter from Birmingham Jail Significance: Crucial civil rights moment.

Civil Disobedience

  • Henry David Thoreau's "Civil Disobedience" (1849): Protested slavery & Mexican-American War through tax refusal.
  • Thoreau's Influences: Abolitionist family, Transcendentalism (individualism, spirituality, self-reliance).
  • Key concepts: Non-violence, individual protest against injustice, tax refusal as a form of protest.
  • Influence on later movements: Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr.

Reading Artistic Media

  • Reading a piece of visual media:
    • Literal interpretation (what it shows).
    • Artistic choices (color, composition, materials, camera angles, techniques).
    • Context (title, historical context, etc.).
  • Understanding the work's meaning like understanding a book.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential structures and features of informational texts. Learn about different organizational patterns such as cause and effect, chronological order, and compare and contrast. Evaluate how these elements enhance understanding and how to distinguish between facts and opinions.

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