Information Technology (IT) Fundamentals

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of application software in a computer-based information system?

To interact with the user (correct)

To manage networks

To interact with the hardware

To collect and store data

What is the primary difference between a manual and a computerized information system?

The type of software used

The type of networks used

The type of hardware used

The way data is processed and analyzed (correct)

What is a database in the context of Information Technology?

A collection of facts or data (correct)

An operating system that interacts with the hardware

A network that allows data transmission

A set of instructions to tell the hardware what to do

What is the primary function of networks in a computer-based information system?

To allow transmission and sharing of data Signup and view all the answers

According to the functional perspective, what is the primary purpose of an Information System?

To record, store, and disseminate linguistic expressions Signup and view all the answers

What is the structural perspective of an Information System?

A set of people, processes, data, models, technology, and language Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of application software in a Computer-Based Information System (CBIS)?

To interact with the end users and provide them with the required information Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of computer-based information systems over manual systems?

Automation of manual processes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a database in a Computer-Based Information System (CBIS)?

To collect and manage facts and data Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of networks in a Computer-Based Information System (CBIS)?

To allow the transmission and sharing of data Signup and view all the answers

From a functional perspective, what is the primary role of an Information System (IS)?

To support people, organizations, or other software systems Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a manual system and a computer-based information system?

The level of automation they provide Signup and view all the answers

Which type of information system is responsible for supporting routine and repetitive tasks in an organization?

Transaction Processing System (TPS) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a Management Information System (MIS)?

To provide information used in the field of management for routine decision making Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a Transaction Processing System (TPS) in terms of data collection?

Data collection is done through automated or semiautomated tracking of low-level activities Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a Decision Support System (DSS)?

To provide decision-oriented information to users by analyzing choices and alternatives Signup and view all the answers

Which type of information system is most likely to involve the use of complex spreadsheet and databases?

Decision Support System (DSS) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary output of a Management Information System (MIS)?

Routine reports to support management decision making Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

IT and Information Systems

IT architecture and IT infrastructure are related terms
IT uses computer-based information systems
Computer-based information systems have three components:
- Hardware (physical components)
- Software (instructions that tell the physical components what to do)
- Databases (collection of facts)
Networks allow the transmission and sharing of data

Information System (IS)

An IS is a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, analyze, and disseminate information for specific purposes
Examples of IS: ATMs, airline reservation systems, course reservation systems, hospital information systems
IS can be manual or computerized
IS has two perspectives:
- Functional perspective: a technologically implemented medium for recording, storing, and disseminating linguistic expressions
- Structural perspective: a collection of people, processes, data, models, technology, and partly formalized language

Functions of IS

Provide high-speed, high-volume numerical computations
Provide fast, accurate communication and collaboration within and among organizations
Store huge amounts of information in an easy-to-access, yet small space
Allow quick and inexpensive access to vast amounts of information, worldwide
Quickly and efficiently interpret vast amounts of data
Automate tasks

Components of CBIS

Hardware (physical components)
Software (instructions that tell the physical components what to do)
Databases (collection of facts)
Networks (allow the transmission and sharing of data)
People (end users and IS specialists, system analysts, programmers, data administrators)
Procedures (in organization)

Types of IS

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
- Operational-level system that supports routine and repetitive tasks
- Examples: production, sales, material purchasing, employee's payment, customers’ purchase orders
Management Information Systems (MIS)
- Uses data recorded by a TPS as input into programs that produce routine reports
- Provides information used in the field of management
Decision Support System (DSS)
- Provides decision-oriented information by the users
- Comprises tools and techniques to help collect relevant information and analyze the choices and alternatives

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Description

Test your knowledge of the basics of Information Technology, including hardware, software, operating systems, and application software. Learn about the components of IT and how they interact with each other.