Information Technology: History and Components

• The quiz covers topics related to information technology, computer components, ICT trends, intellectual property, and computer networking.

Age of Information Technology

• The earliest age of information technology is defined as the time between 3000 B.C. and 1450 A.D., known as the Pre-mechanical age.

Programming Languages

• FORTRAN, ALGOL, and COBOL were high-level programming languages during the second generation period, but MS-DOS was not.

Inventors of Fourth-Generation Computers

• Steve Jobs and Bill Gates are credited as the inventors of fourth-generation computers.

First Generation Machines

• ENIAC, UNIVAC, and EDVAC are first-generation machines, while TRADIC is not.

Computer Components and Functions

• Central Processing Unit (CPU): Responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations
• Solid State Drive (SSD): Stores data permanently
• Modem: Converts digital data into analog signals for transmission over telephone lines
• Random Access Memory (RAM): Provides temporary storage for data that the CPU needs to access quickly
• Motherboard: Manages the data flow between the CPU and other components
• BIOS: Provides instructions for hardware initialization in a computer

Input/Output Devices

• Example of an input device: Keyboard
• Primary function of a mouse: To control the cursor on the screen
• Device that scans printed documents and converts them into digital images: Scanner
• Main purpose of a microphone: Capture audio input
• Device used to produce hard copies of digital documents: Printer

CPU Function

• The primary function of the CPU is to execute instructions and perform calculations.

Storage Devices

• Hard Disk Drive (HDD) uses magnetic storage to store data.
• A main advantage of SSDs over HDDs is faster data access and retrieval.

Advantages of ICT

• Enhanced communication and collaboration are primary advantages of Information and Communication Technology (ICT).
• A benefit of ICT in education is enhanced flexibility in learning methods.
• A potential disadvantage of social media use facilitated by ICT is increased exposure to cyberbullying and online harassment.
• ICT offers enhanced telemedicine services and remote patient monitoring in healthcare
• A challenge associated with reliance on ICT is increased susceptibility to cyber threats and hacking.
• ICT provides enhanced opportunities for international cooperation and knowledge sharing.

Trends in ICT

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) focuses on enhancing machines' ability to learn from data and improve performance.
• Blockchain technology aims to revolutionize transactions by providing a decentralized and secure platform.
• Internet of Things (IoT) involves connecting everyday objects to the internet for improved efficiency and convenience.
• Augmented reality (AR) involves integrating digital information with the user's environment in real-time.
• Biometric authentication involves using biometric characteristics for identification purposes.
• Blockchain technology focuses on improving the efficiency and security of supply chain management.

Impact of ICT

• ICT has enhanced access to a vast amount of information.
• A potential disadvantage of ICT on privacy is the increased risk of identity theft and data breaches.
• Significant impact of ICT on the economy: Increased demand for technology-related skills
• ICT has influenced education by enhancing flexibility in learning methods and access to resources.
• A potential ICT challenge on societal norms: Decreased privacy and anonymity in online spaces

ICT Terminology

• The primary purpose of graphic design in ICT: Improving user interfaces and experiences
• Multimedia element simulating three-dimensional spaces: Virtual reality
• User-centered design is the process of designing intuitive interfaces in human-computer interaction (HCI).
• An example of a tangible interface in HCI: Touchscreen

Intellectual Property

• Original creative works are protected by copyright.
• A significant consideration in ICT is the protection of original creative works.
• Fair use in intellectual property refers to reproducing copyrighted material for educational or transformative purposes.
• Adobe Photoshop is typically used for creating and editing raster graphics.
• Hypermedia is characterized by integrating various forms of media into a single interactive experience.
• Screen magnification software is an assistive technology designed to improve accessibility.
• Patents typically protect inventions and technological innovations.
• Creative Commons licenses contribute by providing a framework for sharing creative works with specific usage permissions.
• Public domain refers to creative works freely available for anyone to use without permission.

Computer Networking

• The primary function of a router in a computer network is to connect different network segments.
• Bluetooth is a wireless communication technology commonly used for short-range connections.
• IP address stands for Internet Protocol address.
• Ethernet cable is commonly used to connect computers to a local area network (LAN).
• A server provides resources and services to other computers in a client-server model.
• DNS translates domain names to IP addresses.
• HTTPS is commonly used for secure communication over the Internet with encrypted connections.