• At the end of Module 1, students are expected to define information technology concepts, understand Java as a language, install Java, and identify Java program parts.
• Technology applies science and other knowledge fields to create useful tools and implementations.
• (IT) systematically collects, stores, processes, presents, and shares info, supporting human intellectual work as a tool.
• I.T. is pronounced "I.T." and it includes things like networking, hardware, software, and the internet.
• Data includes raw facts.
• Information includes data that is meaningful based on the user needs when manipulated in computer terms.

Computer System Components

• These are the elements of a computer
• Includes computer's physical components
• Functional parts are data preparation, input, and output devices

Software

• Serves as intermediary between computer users and hardware
• Refers to the intangible part of the computer system

Software Categories:

• Applications software (or end-user programs) includes databases, browsers, and spreadsheets.
• System software runs a computer's hardware and apps

PeopleWare

• Refers to personnel that manages and uses the computer system.

Types of memory

• Random Access Memory (RAM) is volatile
• Data in RAM is lost when the computer is powered off.
• Read-Only Memory (ROM) is non-volatile

Operating System Architecture

• A system that can be divided into four components: user, applications, operating system, and hardware

Introduction to Java Application

• designed in the early 1990s by Sun Microsystems, and owned by Oracle
• Platform Independent, meaning a program only needs to be written once to run on multiple platforms
• Java is portable, robust, and dynamic

Core Java Terminology

• A computer programming language is a special language used to write unambiguous instructions
• A set of instructions written in computer programming language is a program
• Software or code, refers to instructions

Java Usefulness

• Computer programs can be written or used from elsewhere
• Writing custom programs tailors them specifically to individual needs
• Computer code is a worldwide industry
• Writing code can be a job, hobby, or just for fun

Java version releases

• 1954-1957: FORTRAN developed
• FORTRAN is the first modern computer programming language.
• 1959: Grace Hopper develops COBOL
• COBOL focuses on business-related and record processing tasks
• 1972: Dennis Ritchie develops C
• C can solve problems, but varies in ease and appropriateness
• 1986: Bjarne Stroustrup develops C++ (AT&T Bell Labs)
• C++ supports object-oriented programming
• May 23, 1995: Sun releases first Java version
• Java is ideal for distributing code thanks to its core principle
• November 2000: College Board announces that Computer Science Advanced Placement exams are based from Java
• Microsoft introduces C# in 2002
• June 2004: Java programming is superior to C++ programming by 50%
• Sys-Con Media reports that Java programmers have surpass a combined C++ and C# programmers by 8% and are 190% more employable than VB programmers
• In 2007: Google adopts Java as the primary language for creating Android apps
• January 2010: Oracle buys Sun, bringing Java into its product line
• June 2010: eWeek named Java as the most valuable language for employment
• In August 2013: Java runs on over 1.1 billion desktop computers

Java: JDK, JRE, and JVM

• is a machine that lets your computer run
• When the Java program runs, the Java compiler compiles the code into bytecode
• Then, the Java translates the bytecode into native machine code
• Is a platform-independent and is ultimately written for JVM.
• Java bytecode is platform-independent because its executed by the JVM
• JRE(Java Runtime Environment) is a software package that provides Java class libraries, Java Virtual Machine, and other component
• JDK (Java Development Kit) is a software development kit that develops applications in Java

Java Installation

• Go to link (https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/javase-downloads.html), and click download JDK
• Once complete, run the .exe to install JDK

Classpath

• PATH variable gives location to the executable files

Java Basics Building Blocks

• Module describes parts

Java Code Parts

• Is a reserved word
• Program output is a single line
• Class header marks beginning of class
• Methods should be named main

Basic Parts of a Java Program

• Comments are useful but ignored by program
• Semicolons mark the end of a statement
• Every line needs to be enclosed by a class
• Every program must have an entry point

Good code practices

• Document, and provide clarification
• Single-line comments use //
• Multi-line comments begin with '/' and end with '/'
• Special documentation begins with /*
• Use case that is sensitive

Module 2

• At the end of Module 2, students are expected to understand variables, data types, and apply them in Java

Variable

• Reserved memory locations that store values
• The name uniquely identifies each variable and retrieves the value stored.
• Based on the data type of a variable, the OS allocates memory

Variables types

• int: stores integers
• double: stores floating point or real numbers
• String: For text strings

Data Types in Java

• Data type specifiers allocate different sizes and types of values
• Java has a rich data type that is divided into two parts:
• Character, integer, boolean, and float are examples of primitive data types
• Non-primitive data includes things like Classes, Arrays, and interfaces

Primitive Data Types

• There are up to eight data types supported by Java
• Predefined by the language detail
• Minimum value is is -128 (-2^7)
• Byte data types can save space in larger arrays

Short data type

• Size is 16-bits signed, two's complement
• Minimum value is (-2^15)
• Maximum value is (2^15 -1)
• Can also save memory as bytes
• Default value is 0.

Int data type

• Integer
• Size is 32-bit signed, two's complement
• Minimum value is (-2^31)
• Maximum value is (2^31 - 1)
• The default value is 0

Long data type

• Is 64-bit signed two's complement integer
• Minimum value is -9,223,372,036,854,775,808(-2^6)
• Maximum value 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 (inclusive)(2^63 -1)
• long a and long b are examples

Float data type

• Single-precision 32-bit IEEE 754 floating point
• Saves memory, default value is 0.of
• Is incorrect, like .float f1 -234.af

Double data type

• Double-precision 64-bit IEEE 754
• This is for decimal values and the better choice
• Is incorrect and should not be used
• Default value is 0.0d

Boolean data type

• Represents only one bit of information
• Contains true and false only
• Used for true/false results
• Default value is false

Char

• Used for any character. The minimum value is ‘\u0000’

Reference Data types

• Classes that have no methods
• Employee, Puppy, are examples

Java Literals

• Representation of a fixed value without computation

int decimal

100; int octal

0144; int hexa

0x64;

Java Non primitive

• In Java, primitive types are already defined.

Module 3

• At the end of this module you are expected to understand Operators and apply different Operators in Java

Operators

• Symbols perform operations on variables and values

Arithmetic operators are used to perform math functions

• + Addition
• - Subtraction
• * Multiplication
• / Division
• % Remainder

Arithmetic examples

• number1 + number2 = + result;
• number1 - number2 = + result;
• number1 * number2 = + result;
• number1 / number2 = + result;
• number1 % number2 = + result;

String use case

• result start + middle + end;
• Operators used to assign value to a variable. The addition assignment operator (+=) adds value to a variable

Comparison

• These determine the relationship

• equal to

• not equal to

Examples of output for comparison methods

• 5 == 3 is false;
• 5 != 3 is true;
• 5 > 3 is true;
• 5< 3 is false;
• 5 >= 5 is true;
• 5 <= 5 is true

Logical Operators

• || conditional-OR
• && conditional-AND operate on one boolean

Bitwise

• & operates as binary
• Bitwise exclusive OR
• Bitwise inclusive OR

Unary

• The unary operator performs operations on only one operand

Possible unary operator functions

• Unary plus/minus
• Increment operator
• Decrement operator
• Logical complement