Information Systems Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does Metcalfe's Law suggest about network value?

  • Network value declines as more users join.
  • Network value grows exponentially with the number of members. (correct)
  • Network value remains constant regardless of user count.
  • Network value increases linearly with the number of users.

    • Which effect is associated with the advancement of computer processing power according to Moore's Law?

  • Reduced competition among technology manufacturers.
  • Doubling of transistor density every 18 to 24 months. (correct)
  • Increased need for physical storage solutions.
  • Decreasing variability in processor types.

    • Which of the following best describes a Database Management System (DBMS)?

  • A software system that manages and organizes storage of data. (correct)
  • A collection of hardware tools for database management.
  • A system that only retrieves data without modifying it.
  • A program designed exclusively for creating reports from databases.

    • What is the key characteristic of a relational database?

    <p>Data is organized into separate tables that can be accessed flexibly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does digitization act as an economic driver?

    <p>By promoting the mass adoption of connected digital services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a database?

    <p>To provide a structured collection of related data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which advancement was NOT mentioned as a result of Moore's Law?

    <p>Higher costs of computing devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the exponential growth of network utilization?

    <p>Falling communication costs toward near-zero.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of a Transaction Processing System (TPS)?

    <p>To collect, store, modify, and retrieve data transactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT typically associated with Information Systems?

    <p>Artificial Intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes an Executive Support System (ESS) from other information systems?

    <p>It focuses on strategic level nonroutine decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Queries in a database environment?

    <p>To interactively ask questions about the data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is essential for the effective operation of an Information Management system?

    <p>Capturing and delivering the right information timely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the design phase of a database?

    <p>Defining the structure of the database with tables and fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a Management Information System (MIS)?

    <p>To create reports that assist managers with routine decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a basic operation in a database?

    <p>Networking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes a firewall's primary function?

    <p>To monitor and control network traffic based on security rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant disadvantage of cloud computing?

    <p>Requires a constant Internet connection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does HTTPS ensure during data transmission?

    <p>Encrypted HTTP data is transferred over a secure connection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement most accurately defines a botnet?

    <p>A network of compromised computers used to send spam or viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a rootkit in a computer system?

    <p>To mask intrusion and enable administrator-level access for hackers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a driver in a computer system?

    <p>To enable software to interact with hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of software development, what is the main difference between compilation and interpretation?

    <p>Compilation translates high-level languages into machine code before execution, whereas interpretation does it during execution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Random Access Memory (RAM) is accurate?

    <p>RAM is volatile memory that loses its content when power is lost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes an embedded system?

    <p>It includes both software and specialized hardware designed for specific tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) within a computer?

    <p>It executes instructions and processes data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines a network in computing?

    <p>A system of interconnected computers that can communicate and share resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the bus in a computer system primarily facilitate?

    <p>Transfer of data among internal components and external connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the relationship between hardware and software?

    <p>Hardware provides the environment in which software operates and executes commands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of fiber-optic cable compared to twisted-pair cable?

    <p>Greater bandwidth for data transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes an extranet?

    <p>A network connecting internal employees with external parties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym TCP/IP stand for, and what is its primary function?

    <p>Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol for data transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a router in a network?

    <p>To send messages to their intended destinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which network architecture is best suited for a small number of connected computers?

    <p>Peer-to-peer architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about ISDN lines is correct?

    <p>ISDN lines enable high-speed digital transmission of data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a bridge used for in network architecture?

    <p>To allow communication between two similar networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these network cables is considered the most expensive option?

    <p>Fiber-optic cable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Information Management within organizations?

    <p>To capture, store, and deliver information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of information system is primarily focused on producing reports for decision making?

    <p>Management Information System (MIS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes an Executive Support System (ESS) from other types of information systems?

    <p>It targets nonroutine decision making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT part of an Information System?

    <p>Financial capital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of a database, what is the design phase responsible for?

    <p>Defining tables and specifying fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What operational focus does a Transaction Processing System (TPS) primarily serve?

    <p>Collecting and managing data transactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of Queries in a database context?

    <p>To ask questions about the data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does feedback play in a system?

    <p>It aids in system control and decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consequence does Metcalfe's Law have on network economics?

    <p>The value of a network grows exponentially with each new user added.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best captures the implication of Moore's Law over time?

    <p>Transistor counts on chips double every 1.5 to 2 years, impacting performance and costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a typical function of a Database Management System (DBMS)?

    <p>Generating visual graphics for data representation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a relational database that sets it apart from other types?

    <p>Data can be accessed through multiple tables without reorganization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which economic impact is primarily attributed to digitization?

    <p>Increased job creation and economic growth through connected services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which application reflects the effects of falling communication costs on network utilization?

    <p>Widespread integration of software across various devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a database fundamentally structured?

    <p>A database is a structured collection of related data stored in a specific format.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor primarily contributes to the growth of applications in the IT industry?

    <p>Increased network members leading to cheaper connectivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an inherent limitation of cloud computing?

    <p>Dependent on a constant Internet connection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the function of a firewall?

    <p>Controls the traffic based on security rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disadvantage is commonly associated with cloud computing?

    <p>Data might not be secure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a rootkit?

    <p>Masks an intrusion and provides hacker access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a malicious tactic involving fake web pages?

    <p>Pharming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of fiber-optic cables?

    <p>It is less susceptible to interference compared to twisted-pair cables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of network architecture is utilized for communication between a client and a server?

    <p>Client/server architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements correctly describes a major difference between intranet and extranet?

    <p>Intranets connect internal users only, while extranets connect external users.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these cables is primarily associated with the cable television industry?

    <p>Coaxial cable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are repeaters and how do they function in a network?

    <p>Devices that receive and amplify signals to extend their transmission range.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the role of a gateway in network architecture?

    <p>It allows communication between dissimilar networks through hardware and/or software.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of ISDN lines?

    <p>They transmit and receive information at very high speeds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the term 'network topology'?

    <p>The way computers and peripherals are configured to form networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a motherboard in a computer system?

    <p>To connect all other components of the computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of a driver in a computer system?

    <p>To provide an interface between software and hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Random Access Memory (RAM) differ from Read Only Memory (ROM)?

    <p>RAM is used by the CPU to store data temporarily, while ROM retains data permanently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the bus in a computer system facilitate?

    <p>Transmission of data between computer components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best differentiates an embedded system from a standard computer system?

    <p>Embedded systems have hardware and software tightly integrated for specific applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is compilation important in computer programming?

    <p>It translates high-level code to machine code for execution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of networks do LANs and WANs represent?

    <p>Small and large computing networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes open-source software (OSS)?

    <p>It allows users to modify and distribute the software.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Metcalfe's Law and Network Economics

    • Value of a network increases exponentially with the number of members
    • Increased network members drive higher demand for access
    • Global internet access is estimated at 4.54 billion (July 2020)
    • Falling communication costs lead to explosive growth in communication and computing facilities

    Effects of Metcalfe's Law

    • Smaller, cheaper hardware (computers, smartphones)
    • Growth of software
    • Larger, more valuable networks
    • Cheaper connectivity
    • Increased applications and growth of IT industry

    Moore's Law

    • Number of transistors on computer chips doubles every 1.5-2 years
    • This predicts advances in processing speed, storage and component costs
    • Processing power and storage capabilities increase exponentially while costs decline

    Digitization

    • Mass adoption of connected digital services
    • Key driver for economic growth and job creation
    • Data is raw facts, figures with no inherent meaning
    • Database: structured collection of related data
    • Database Management System (DBMS): software for managing databases
    • DBMS functions: organize data, verify data, create reports, and retrieve data through queries

    The Four Basic Operations in a Database

    • Design: defining tables and fields
    • Data Entry: adding data (manual, automatic, imports)
    • Queries: asking questions about data
    • Reports: creating documents with information

    Systems Definition

    • System transforms input to output
    • System exists in, but separate from, its environment
    • System has sub-systems
    • Feedback from environment controls systems

    Information Systems

    • Interrelated components for input, manipulation, and dissemination of data or information
    • Information systems designed to achieve a specific objective
    • Example components: hardware, software, data, telecommunications, people, procedures

    Transaction Processing System (TPS)

    • Collects, stores, modifies, and retrieves transaction data
    • Examples: sales order entry, payroll, shipping
    • TPS data used as input for Management Information Systems

    Management Information System (MIS)

    • Uses transaction data for routine business decisions and report generation
    • Provides summaries of past performance and current status
    • Enables managers to respond to problems

    Decision Support System (DSS)

    • Interactive system for decision-making
    • Utilizes communication technologies, data, documents, knowledge and/or models
    • Supports non-routine decisions that need judgment, evaluation, and insight

    Executive Support System (ESS)

    • Supports strategic decisions
    • Addresses non-routine decisions with limited prior processes
    • Includes information from multiple sources and delivers it to stakeholders

    Information Management (IM)

    • Collection, management, and distribution of information

    Computer Hardware and Software

    • Hardware: The physical parts of a computer
    • Software: Instructions/programs that run on hardware
    • Components include input (keyboards, mice, microphones), motherboard, CPU (central processing unit), RAM, disk drives, and output devices
    • Communication system (bus): transfers data between components

    Output Devices

    • Include monitors, printers, speakers
    • Components are RAM (Random Access Memory) or ROM (Read Only Memory)

    Expansion Cards

    • Printed circuit boards that expand computer functionality through expansion bus

    Embedded Systems

    • Computer hardware with embedded software

    Algorithms

    • Step-by-step processes for tasks
    • Used in CPUs to execute tasks

    Compilation/Interpretation

    • Compilation translates high-level language to low-level language for executables
    • Interpretation translates high-level to low-level dynamically (on the fly)

    Drivers

    • Enable software to interact with hardware devices without needing hardware details

    Open Source Software (OSS)

    • Source code publicly available for modifications and distribution
    • Licensed for use, changes, and redistribution

    Networks

    • Two or more linked computers
    • Examples: Local Area Networks (LANs), Wide Area Networks (WANs)

    Intranet

    • Private LAN within an organization for internal communications

    Extranet

    • Connects people within a company with external parties

    Data Transfer Rates

    • Measured in bits per second (bps)
    • Example technologies: twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, ISDN line

    Network Topology

    • How computers and peripherals are arranged in a network

    Protocols

    • Agreed-upon rules for data transmission between devices

    Network Architecture

    • Design and construction of a network, examples include peer-to-peer, client-server

    Network Devices

    • Repeaters, Routers, Gateways, Bridges
    • Specific functions like signal amplification, routing, and communication across networks

    Firewall

    • Security system for controlling network traffic based on security rules
    • Important for data integrity

    Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

    • Markup language for structuring web content

    Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

    • Address of a resource on the internet

    HTTPS

    • Secure protocol for transferring data over the internet.

    Cloud Computing

    • Internet-based computing
    • Advantages: instant updates, improved compatibility, unlimited storage, increased reliability, and universal access
    • Disadvantages: constant internet connection required, features might be limited, performance can be low, security concerns, and potential for data loss
    • Related technologies: bots, botnets, rootkits, fake webpages to create and transmit spam and viruses

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    MI4007 Revision Document PDF - Business Information Management

    Description

    Test your knowledge on key concepts of Information Systems, including Metcalfe's Law, Moore's Law, Database Management Systems, and Transaction Processing Systems. This quiz covers essential characteristics and functions within the realm of information technology and databases, providing insights into their roles and importance in modern economics.

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