Information Systems Overview
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Questions and Answers

What are the essential components of an information system?

The essential components of an information system are hardware, software, data, processes, and people.

Name two types of information systems mentioned.

Two types of information systems mentioned are transaction processing systems and knowledge management systems.

What is the role of a systems analyst?

A systems analyst uses modeling, prototyping, and CASE tools, and must understand both technical and business aspects.

List three popular system development approaches.

<p>Three popular system development approaches are structured analysis, object-oriented analysis, and agile methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of systems design?

<p>To create a physical model that satisfies all documented requirements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are typically included in an organization's structure?

<p>An organization's structure typically includes top managers, middle managers, knowledge workers, supervisors, team leaders, and operational employees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the key deliverables of the systems implementation phase?

<p>A completely functional and documented information system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What skills must a systems analyst possess beyond technical knowledge?

<p>A systems analyst must possess critical thinking skills and effective communication abilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using information technology in companies?

<p>The purpose of using information technology in companies is to manage, access, communicate, and share information effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the significance of user involvement in system design.

<p>User involvement is critical to ensure the system meets the actual needs and expectations of its users.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a well-designed system need to maintain?

<p>A well-designed system must be secure, reliable, maintainable, and scalable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mix of services do successful companies typically offer?

<p>Successful companies typically offer a mix of products, technical and financial services, consulting, and customer support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Object-Oriented Analysis, what is an 'object'?

<p>An object is a member of a class that possesses properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of prototyping in O-O development?

<p>Prototyping allows for continuous interaction between planning, analysis, and design tasks to refine the system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main activities involved in systems support and security?

<p>IT staff maintain, enhance, and protect the system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Object-Oriented methodology facilitate programming?

<p>O-O methodology provides an easy transition to O-O programming languages like Java.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant disadvantage of prototyping in system development?

<p>Important decisions might be made before business or IT issues are thoroughly understood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can a prototype benefit the system development process?

<p>A prototype based on careful fact-finding and modeling techniques can be an extremely valuable tool.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does CASE stand for in the context of systems engineering?

<p>CASE stands for Computer-Aided Systems Engineering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two methodologies supported by CASE tools?

<p>Structured analysis and object-oriented analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of structured analysis?

<p>It is a time-tested and easy-to-understand method based on a predictive approach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does structured analysis approach system modeling?

<p>It uses process models to graphically describe a system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is computer-generated code generation significant in CASE tools?

<p>It speeds up the implementation process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key focus of process-centered techniques in structured analysis?

<p>They focus on the processes involved in the system rather than the data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

IT (Information Technology)

A combination of hardware and software resources used by companies to manage and share information.

Essential Components of an Information System

Critical components that make up an information system, including hardware, software, data, processes, and people.

Types of Information Systems

Different types of systems used by businesses, including enterprise computing systems, transaction processing systems, business support systems, knowledge management systems, and user productivity systems.

Organizational Structure

The organizational structure in a company, consisting of top managers, middle managers, knowledge workers, supervisors, and operational employees.

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Systems Analyst

A professional who analyzes, designs, and implements information systems to meet business needs. They use modeling, prototyping, and computer-aided systems engineering (CASE) tools.

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System Development Approaches

Popular methods for developing information systems, including structured analysis, object-oriented analysis, and agile methods.

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Skills of a Systems Analyst

In addition to technical knowledge, a systems analyst must understand business processes, think critically, and communicate effectively to ensure the success of projects.

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Critical Thinking

The ability to think critically, analyze situations, and make sound judgments based on information and logic.

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Prototype

An early, functional version of a system.

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Prototype Disadvantage

A method of building systems where crucial decisions are made before a complete understanding of business or technical requirements.

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Computer-Aided Systems Engineering (CASE)

Tool supporting structured and object-oriented approaches. Helps to organize and create systems.

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Structured Analysis

A method for designing systems that focuses on breaking down processes into smaller, manageable parts.

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Process-Based Systems Engineering

A process-centered technique using graphical models to represent system processes.

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Object-Oriented Analysis

A way of designing systems where the focus is on identifying objects and their relationships for building complex applications.

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Agile/Adaptive Methods

Modern software development approaches that prioritize iterative development, user feedback, and flexibility.

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Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs)

A method of analyzing systems by looking at the flow of data and processes.

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Systems Design

Phase in the SDLC where a physical model is created to meet all documented requirements.

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System Design Specification

The outcome of the Systems Design phase, outlining the system's architecture, components, and how they interact.

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Systems Implementation

Phase where the new system is built, programs are written, tested, documented, and installed.

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Functional and Documented System

The outcome of the Systems Implementation phase, a fully functional and documented information system.

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Systems Support and Security

Phase where the system is maintained, enhanced, protected, and supported by IT staff.

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Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA)

Combining data and the processes that act on it into objects.

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Object

A member of a class in OOA, possessing properties and methods.

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Object-Oriented Development (OOD)

A technique that encompasses planning, analysis, and design, continuously generating prototypes for testing.

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