Information Systems (IS) Components and Role

Information Systems (IS)

• An IS is a coordinated set of components and resources that collect, store, process, and disseminate information.
• IS play a critical role in organizations by facilitating operations, supporting decision-making, and enabling communication and collaboration.

Components of IS

• Hardware: computers, servers, networking equipment, storage devices, and peripheral devices
• Software: programs and applications that run on hardware to perform tasks, including OS and database management system (DBMS)
• Data: raw facts and figures
• People: users and IT professionals who interact with the system
• Processes: procedures and rules that govern the operation of the system
• Networks: communication channels that connect hardware and software components, including the internet, LAN, etc.

Functions and Benefits of IS

• Data Management: efficiently collect, store, and retrieve large volumes of data
• Improved Decision-Making: provide timely and accurate information to support strategic, tactical, and operational decisions
• Increased Efficiency and Productivity: automate routine tasks and streamline business processes
• Enhanced Communication
• Cost Reduction

Healthcare Information Systems

• Healthcare Information Systems refer to a set of systems for the entire healthcare services encompassing patient care, early disease detection, health problem prevention, and wellness promotion, at any location.

Hospital Information System (HIS)

• Utilizes information communications technology and computerization optimally to facilitate the delivery of services of the hospital.
• Consists of two broad systems: Patient Care Information System and Managerial Information System.

Patient Care Information System

• Facilitates the clinical and other functions relating to patient care.
• Objectives:
  • Productivity
  • Effectiveness
  • Appropriateness
  • Efficiency
  • Quality
  • Safety
  • Privacy and confidentiality of information
• Functions:
  • Guide and enable the performance of patient care processes
  • Facilitate communication between care providers through sharing of information
  • Enable automation of work processes
  • Provide clinical decision support at point of care
  • Gather, store, and make available vital clinical information
  • Maintain a permanent record of events and all activities of patient care (as the Electronic Medical Record and other documents based on medico-legal requirements)