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A machine that stores and manipulates information under the control of a changeable programs.
A machine that stores and manipulates information under the control of a changeable programs.
Modern Computer
A detailed step-by-step sets of instructions telling the computer exactly what to do.
A detailed step-by-step sets of instructions telling the computer exactly what to do.
Computer Programs
refers to all the “PHYSICAL” devices, or components, that a computer is made of.
refers to all the “PHYSICAL” devices, or components, that a computer is made of.
Hardware
What does CPU mean?
What does CPU mean?
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A part of a computer that actually runs programs
A part of a computer that actually runs programs
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What process does CPU follows?
What process does CPU follows?
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What language can CPU understand?
What language can CPU understand?
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What is the machine language that CPU uses?
What is the machine language that CPU uses?
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Main Memory is also called as?
Main Memory is also called as?
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RAM means?
RAM means?
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A memory where CPU can easily access data
A memory where CPU can easily access data
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Is the RAM a long term storage of data?
Is the RAM a long term storage of data?
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A type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time
A type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time
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Can secondary memory be used even if there is no power to the computer?
Can secondary memory be used even if there is no power to the computer?
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Components that collect the data and send it to the computer
Components that collect the data and send it to the computer
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Components that produce data from the computer
Components that produce data from the computer
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It determines what the computer can do
It determines what the computer can do
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Provides the foundation for managing hardware resources
Provides the foundation for managing hardware resources
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Designed to meet the needs of end-user
Designed to meet the needs of end-user
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Consist of programs that execute based on user commands to perform specific tasks. (e.g Microsoft Word & Adobe Photoshop)
Consist of programs that execute based on user commands to perform specific tasks. (e.g Microsoft Word & Adobe Photoshop)
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System software are programs that makes computer useful for everyday tasks
System software are programs that makes computer useful for everyday tasks
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What are the 3 types of system software?
What are the 3 types of system software?
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Performs specialized tasks that enhances the computer’s operation or safeguards of data (e.g virus scanners)
Performs specialized tasks that enhances the computer’s operation or safeguards of data (e.g virus scanners)
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it controls the internal operations, manages all the devices connected, allows data to be saved and retrieved, and allows other programs to run on the computer
it controls the internal operations, manages all the devices connected, allows data to be saved and retrieved, and allows other programs to run on the computer
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A program that programmers use to create, modify, and test software. (e.g Compilers & Interpreters)
A program that programmers use to create, modify, and test software. (e.g Compilers & Interpreters)
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In computer science, it is the development of a step-by-step process for achieving a desired result
In computer science, it is the development of a step-by-step process for achieving a desired result
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A step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem
A step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem
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What are the main stages in creating an algorithm?
What are the main stages in creating an algorithm?
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2 ways to write an algorithm
2 ways to write an algorithm
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A detailed description of the steps of an algorithm that resembles programming languages but less strict and more readable.
A detailed description of the steps of an algorithm that resembles programming languages but less strict and more readable.
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A visual representation of algorithm’s flow and execution
A visual representation of algorithm’s flow and execution
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A special notations designed by computer scientists for expressing computations in an exact and unambiguous way
A special notations designed by computer scientists for expressing computations in an exact and unambiguous way
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A set of commands and instructions use to create software programs
A set of commands and instructions use to create software programs
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high-level computer languages designed to be understood by human
high-level computer languages designed to be understood by human
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Set of rules that defines the combination of symbols that are considered to be correctly structured statements or expressions in a specific language
Set of rules that defines the combination of symbols that are considered to be correctly structured statements or expressions in a specific language
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Precise meaning of a construct
Precise meaning of a construct
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Complex computer program that takes another program written in a high-level language and translates it into an equivalent program in the machine language
Complex computer program that takes another program written in a high-level language and translates it into an equivalent program in the machine language
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Program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program
Program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program
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Python shell is an example of interpreter where it executes the command immediately
Python shell is an example of interpreter where it executes the command immediately
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A file containing python code in python idle
A file containing python code in python idle
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Information that is stored and manipulated by computer programs.
Information that is stored and manipulated by computer programs.
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A notation for writing a specific value in a programming language. It is used to indicate a specific value.
A notation for writing a specific value in a programming language. It is used to indicate a specific value.
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Whole numbers
Whole numbers
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Has a decimal part even it is 0
Has a decimal part even it is 0
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Refers to textual data
Refers to textual data
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Refers to logical values (True or False)
Refers to logical values (True or False)
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Names given to modules, functions, expressions, keywords, and values
Names given to modules, functions, expressions, keywords, and values
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Fragments of program that produce or calculate new data values.
Fragments of program that produce or calculate new data values.
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A block of code that only runs when it is called
A block of code that only runs when it is called
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It is the process of turning an expression into an underlying data type.
It is the process of turning an expression into an underlying data type.
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Assigning a new value to a variable that already exists
Assigning a new value to a variable that already exists
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An assignment where the new value of the variable depends on it’s previous value
An assignment where the new value of the variable depends on it’s previous value
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An assignment that gives an initial value to a variable that will be updated
An assignment that gives an initial value to a variable that will be updated
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An update that increases the value of a variable
An update that increases the value of a variable
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An update that decreases the value of a variable
An update that decreases the value of a variable
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A module that contains some useful definitions
A module that contains some useful definitions
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A block of statements that analyzes variables and chooses a direction in which to go based on a given parameters
A block of statements that analyzes variables and chooses a direction in which to go based on a given parameters
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Line-by-line execution of statements sequentially in the same order in which they appear in the script
Line-by-line execution of statements sequentially in the same order in which they appear in the script
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Control structure that depends on whether a condition or true or false. This structure may skip the execution of an entire block of statements or even execute one block of statements instead of another
Control structure that depends on whether a condition or true or false. This structure may skip the execution of an entire block of statements or even execute one block of statements instead of another
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Control structure that allows the execution of a block of statements multiple times until specified condition is met
Control structure that allows the execution of a block of statements multiple times until specified condition is met
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A function for combining expressions into more complex expressions
A function for combining expressions into more complex expressions
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A function that lives inside an object which are manipulated when called
A function that lives inside an object which are manipulated when called
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Sequence of instructions that specifies how to perform a computation
Sequence of instructions that specifies how to perform a computation
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Process of breaking a large, complex task into smaller and smaller subtasks until the subtask are simple enough to be performed with one of these basic instructions
Process of breaking a large, complex task into smaller and smaller subtasks until the subtask are simple enough to be performed with one of these basic instructions
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Study Notes
Computer Fundamentals
- A computer is a machine that stores and manipulates information under the control of a changeable program.
- A program is a detailed step-by-step set of instructions telling the computer exactly what to do.
- Hardware refers to all the physical devices or components that a computer is made of.
- CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the part of a computer that actually runs programs.
- The CPU follows a process called the fetch-decode-execute cycle.
- Machine language is the only language that the CPU can understand.
- Machine language is made up of binary code (0s and 1s).
- Main memory is also called primary memory.
- RAM (Random Access Memory) is a type of memory where the CPU can easily access data.
- RAM is not a long-term storage of data.
- Secondary memory is a type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time.
- Secondary memory can be used even if there is no power to the computer.
- Input devices collect data and send it to the computer.
- Output devices produce data from the computer.
- Software determines what the computer can do.
- System software provides the foundation for managing hardware resources.
- Application software is designed to meet the needs of end-users.
- Application software consists of programs that execute based on user commands to perform specific tasks (e.g. Microsoft Word & Adobe Photoshop).
- System software are programs that make the computer useful for everyday tasks.
- System software can be divided into two types: Operating systems and utility programs.
- Utility programs perform specialized tasks that enhance the computer's operation or safeguard data (e.g. virus scanners).
- Operating systems control the internal operations, manage all the devices connected, allow data to be saved and retrieved, and allow other programs to run on the computer.
- Programming languages are programs that programmers use to create, modify, and test software (e.g. Compilers & Interpreters).
Algorithm
- Algorithm is developing a step-by-step process for achieving a desired result.
- Algorithm is a step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem.
- The main stages in creating an algorithm include: problem definition, algorithm design, algorithm representation, and algorithm testing.
- There are two ways to write an algorithm: Pseudocode and Flowcharts.
- Pseudocode is a detailed description of the steps of an algorithm that resembles programming languages but is less strict and more readable.
- Flowcharts are a visual representation of an algorithm's flow and execution.
Programming Languages
- Programming language is a set of commands and instructions used to create software programs.
- High-level computer languages are designed to be understood by humans.
- Syntax is a set of rules that defines the combination of symbols that are considered to be correctly structured statements or expressions in a specific language.
- Semantics is the precise meaning of a construct.
- Compiler is a complex computer program that takes another program written in a high-level language and translates it into an equivalent program in the machine language.
- Interpreter is a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program.
- Python shell is an example of an interpreter where it executes the command immediately.
- Python idle is a file containing Python code.
- Type Conversion: The process of turning an expression into an underlying data type.
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Description
Basic Components of Computer, Introduction to Computer Science
