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Questions and Answers

A machine that stores and manipulates information under the control of a changeable programs.

Modern Computer

A detailed step-by-step sets of instructions telling the computer exactly what to do.

Computer programs

refers to all the “PHYSICAL” devices, or components, that a computer is made of.

Hardware

What does CPU mean?

<p>Central Processing Unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

A part of a computer that actually runs programs

<p>CPU</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process does CPU follows?

<p>fetch-decode-execute cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What language can CPU understand?

<p>Machine Language</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the machine language that CPU uses?

<p>Binary Language</p> Signup and view all the answers

Main Memory is also called as?

<p>RAM</p> Signup and view all the answers

RAM means?

<p>Random Access Memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

A memory where CPU can easily access data

<p>Main Memory (RAM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is the RAM a long term storage of data?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

A type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time

<p>Secondary Memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can secondary memory be used even if there is no power to the computer?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Components that collect the data and send it to the computer

<p>Input devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

Components that produce data from the conputer

<p>Output devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

It determines what the computer can do

<p>Software</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provides the foundation for managing hardware resources

<p>System software</p> Signup and view all the answers

Designed to meet the needs of end-user

<p>Application software</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consist of programs that execute based on user commands to perform specific tasks. (e.g Microsoft Word & Adobe Photoshop)

<p>Application Software</p> Signup and view all the answers

System software are programs that makes computer useful for everyday tasks

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of system software?

<p>Operating system, Utility system, &amp; Software developmet tools</p> Signup and view all the answers

Performs specialized tasks that enhances the computer’s operation or safeguards of data (e.g virus scanners)

<p>Utility system</p> Signup and view all the answers

it controls the internal operations, manages all the devices connected, allows data to be saved and retrieved, and allows other programs to run on the computer

<p>Operating system</p> Signup and view all the answers

A program that programmers use to create, modify, and test software. (e.g Compilers & Interpreters)

<p>Software Development Tools</p> Signup and view all the answers

Developing a step-by-step process for achieving a desired result

<p>Computer science</p> Signup and view all the answers

A step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem

<p>Algorithm</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main stages in creating an algorithm?

<p>Input, process, output</p> Signup and view all the answers

2 ways to write an algorithm

<p>Pseudocode and Flowchart</p> Signup and view all the answers

A detailed description of the steps of an algorithm that resembles programming languages but less strict and more readable.

<p>Pseudocode</p> Signup and view all the answers

A visual representation of algorithm’s flow and execution

<p>Flowchart</p> Signup and view all the answers

A special notations designed by computer scientists for expressing computations in an exact and unambiguous way

<p>Programming languages</p> Signup and view all the answers

A set of commands and instructions use to create software programs

<p>Programming languages</p> Signup and view all the answers

high-level computer languages designed to be understood by human

<p>Programming languages</p> Signup and view all the answers

Set of rules that defines the combination of symbols that are considered to be correctly structured statements or expressions in a specific language

<p>Syntax</p> Signup and view all the answers

Precise meaning of a construct

<p>Semantics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Complex computer program that takes another program written in a high-level language and translates it into an equivalent program in the machine language

<p>Compiler</p> Signup and view all the answers

Program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program

<p>Interpreter</p> Signup and view all the answers

Python shell is an example of interpreter where it executes the command immediately

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A file containing python code in python idle

<p>Python module or Python script</p> Signup and view all the answers

Information that is stored and manipulated by computer programs.

<p>Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

A notation for writing a specific value in a programming language. It is used to indicate a specific value.

<p>Literal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Whole numbers

<p>Integer data type</p> Signup and view all the answers

Has a decimal part even it is 0

<p>floating-point values</p> Signup and view all the answers

Refers to textual data

<p>String</p> Signup and view all the answers

Refers to logical values (True or False)

<p>Boolean</p> Signup and view all the answers

Names given to modules, functions, expressions, keywords, and values

<p>Identifiers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fragments of program that produce or calculate new data values.

<p>Expressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

A block of code that only runes when it is called

<p>Function</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Computer Fundamentals

  • A computer is a machine that stores and manipulates information under the control of a changeable program.
  • A program is a detailed step-by-step set of instructions telling the computer exactly what to do.
  • Hardware refers to all the physical devices or components that a computer is made of.
  • CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the part of a computer that actually runs programs.
  • The CPU follows a process called the fetch-decode-execute cycle.
  • Machine language is the only language that the CPU can understand.
  • Machine language is made up of binary code (0s and 1s).
  • Main memory is also called primary memory.
  • RAM (Random Access Memory) is a type of memory where the CPU can easily access data.
  • RAM is not a long-term storage of data.
  • Secondary memory is a type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time.
  • Secondary memory can be used even if there is no power to the computer.
  • Input devices collect data and send it to the computer.
  • Output devices produce data from the computer.
  • Software determines what the computer can do.
  • System software provides the foundation for managing hardware resources.
  • Application software is designed to meet the needs of end-users.
  • Application software consists of programs that execute based on user commands to perform specific tasks (e.g. Microsoft Word & Adobe Photoshop).
  • System software are programs that make the computer useful for everyday tasks.
  • System software can be divided into two types: Operating systems and utility programs.
  • Utility programs perform specialized tasks that enhance the computer's operation or safeguard data (e.g. virus scanners).
  • Operating systems control the internal operations, manage all the devices connected, allow data to be saved and retrieved, and allow other programs to run on the computer.
  • Programming languages are programs that programmers use to create, modify, and test software (e.g. Compilers & Interpreters).

Algorithm

  • Algorithm is developing a step-by-step process for achieving a desired result.
  • Algorithm is a step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem.
  • The main stages in creating an algorithm include: problem definition, algorithm design, algorithm representation, and algorithm testing.
  • There are two ways to write an algorithm: Pseudocode and Flowcharts.
  • Pseudocode is a detailed description of the steps of an algorithm that resembles programming languages but is less strict and more readable.
  • Flowcharts are a visual representation of an algorithm's flow and execution.

Programming Languages

  • Programming language is a set of commands and instructions used to create software programs.
  • High-level computer languages are designed to be understood by humans.
  • Syntax is a set of rules that defines the combination of symbols that are considered to be correctly structured statements or expressions in a specific language.
  • Semantics is the precise meaning of a construct.
  • Compiler is a complex computer program that takes another program written in a high-level language and translates it into an equivalent program in the machine language.
  • Interpreter is a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program.
  • Python shell is an example of an interpreter where it executes the command immediately.
  • Python idle is a file containing Python code.

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Basic Components of Computer, Introduction to Computer Science

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