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Questions and Answers
Which of the following BEST describes a security mechanism?
Which of the following BEST describes a security mechanism?
- A general security strategy for an organization.
- The process of identifying vulnerabilities in a system.
- A legal framework for data protection.
- A specific method, technique, or tool used to protect digital data. (correct)
What are the three primary goals of a security mechanism?
What are the three primary goals of a security mechanism?
- Authentication, authorization, and accounting.
- Prevention, detection, and response.
- Confidentiality, integrity, and availability. (correct)
- Encryption, decryption, and obfuscation.
In the context of security mechanisms, what does 'confidentiality' primarily ensure?
In the context of security mechanisms, what does 'confidentiality' primarily ensure?
- Data is reliable and accessible when needed.
- Data is accessible only to authorized individuals. (correct)
- Data can be easily audited and tracked.
- Data remains unaltered and accurate.
Which of the following BEST describes 'integrity' in the context of data security?
Which of the following BEST describes 'integrity' in the context of data security?
What does 'availability' refer to in the CIA triad?
What does 'availability' refer to in the CIA triad?
Which of the following BEST defines cryptology?
Which of the following BEST defines cryptology?
What is the primary purpose of cryptography?
What is the primary purpose of cryptography?
What is the process of transforming plaintext into ciphertext called?
What is the process of transforming plaintext into ciphertext called?
Which action defines decryption?
Which action defines decryption?
What is 'plaintext' in the context of cryptography?
What is 'plaintext' in the context of cryptography?
Which of the following BEST describes 'ciphertext'?
Which of the following BEST describes 'ciphertext'?
What does cryptanalysis involve?
What does cryptanalysis involve?
Which the statement BEST describes a cryptosystem?
Which the statement BEST describes a cryptosystem?
What is the role of an algorithm in cryptography?
What is the role of an algorithm in cryptography?
In cryptography, what is the purpose of a 'key'?
In cryptography, what is the purpose of a 'key'?
What is a main characteristic of symmetric encryption?
What is a main characteristic of symmetric encryption?
In symmetric encryption, what must both the sender and recipient possess?
In symmetric encryption, what must both the sender and recipient possess?
What is a key feature of asymmetric encryption?
What is a key feature of asymmetric encryption?
In asymmetric encryption, what key is used to encrypt the data?
In asymmetric encryption, what key is used to encrypt the data?
For decrypting data encrypted with asymmetric encryption, which key is required?
For decrypting data encrypted with asymmetric encryption, which key is required?
What are the core components of the Caesar cipher?
What are the core components of the Caesar cipher?
What is the main methodology in substitution ciphers?
What is the main methodology in substitution ciphers?
What is a significant weakness of the Caesar cipher?
What is a significant weakness of the Caesar cipher?
Which action is performed in a transposition cipher?
Which action is performed in a transposition cipher?
What is the definition of a transposition cipher?
What is the definition of a transposition cipher?
What is the purpose of using a keyword in a columnar transposition cipher?
What is the purpose of using a keyword in a columnar transposition cipher?
What is the purpose of the 'x' character in transposition cipher examples?
What is the purpose of the 'x' character in transposition cipher examples?
How does double transposition increase security compared to single transposition?
How does double transposition increase security compared to single transposition?
Which action is performed in double transposition cipher?
Which action is performed in double transposition cipher?
What is the primary goal of increasing the security of a ciphertext by using double transposition?
What is the primary goal of increasing the security of a ciphertext by using double transposition?
When applying double transposition, what should be ensured regarding the built table and index order from the single transposition?
When applying double transposition, what should be ensured regarding the built table and index order from the single transposition?
In the context of single transposition, what should be done after the index order has been set based on alphabetical characters?
In the context of single transposition, what should be done after the index order has been set based on alphabetical characters?
A team is deciding between symmetric and asymmetric encryption for securing email communications within their company. They need to send large volumes of emails daily and require a solution that ensures speed, while also simplifying key management. Which encryption method is most suited to this scenario?
A team is deciding between symmetric and asymmetric encryption for securing email communications within their company. They need to send large volumes of emails daily and require a solution that ensures speed, while also simplifying key management. Which encryption method is most suited to this scenario?
A web development company uses a substitution cipher with a key shift of 5 to encrypt the name of all users. The web users have to send information about the website for a better experience using this method. If a hacker has captured several encrypted websites and know the method, what factor can the hacker use to get the data from this user?
A web development company uses a substitution cipher with a key shift of 5 to encrypt the name of all users. The web users have to send information about the website for a better experience using this method. If a hacker has captured several encrypted websites and know the method, what factor can the hacker use to get the data from this user?
A government entity wants to hide a message from the enemy in their location (Area 51) and they use a transposition method. They arranged 4 columns, and after that rearranges column 1 to column 4. What the government entity should do to make the ciphertext more difficult to be decipher?
A government entity wants to hide a message from the enemy in their location (Area 51) and they use a transposition method. They arranged 4 columns, and after that rearranges column 1 to column 4. What the government entity should do to make the ciphertext more difficult to be decipher?
A network engineer, tasked with securing data transmitted over a local network, is considering implementing a cryptographic system but faces the challenge of efficiently managing numerous encryption keys across the network's devices. Considering these challenges, which of the following encryption methods would be the most difficult solution to implement?
A network engineer, tasked with securing data transmitted over a local network, is considering implementing a cryptographic system but faces the challenge of efficiently managing numerous encryption keys across the network's devices. Considering these challenges, which of the following encryption methods would be the most difficult solution to implement?
Develop an algorithm or method to decide if symmetric or asymmetric encryptions perform better or worse:
Develop an algorithm or method to decide if symmetric or asymmetric encryptions perform better or worse:
If the original text is helloworld, where h has an index of 7, and the Caesar Key is 3, what is the encrypted word?
If the original text is helloworld, where h has an index of 7, and the Caesar Key is 3, what is the encrypted word?
For one-time transmission of an urgent code with limited safety, what actions do you do? (assume that you know the Caesar Key)
For one-time transmission of an urgent code with limited safety, what actions do you do? (assume that you know the Caesar Key)
Flashcards
Security Mechanism
Security Mechanism
Specific method, technique, or tool used for protecting computer systems and networks from cyber threats and attacks.
Cryptology
Cryptology
The science of making and breaking secret codes.
Cryptography
Cryptography
The art of protecting information so only the intended recipient can read or process it.
Encryption
Encryption
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Decryption
Decryption
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Plaintext
Plaintext
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Ciphertext
Ciphertext
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Cryptanalysis
Cryptanalysis
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Cryptosystem
Cryptosystem
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Algorithm
Algorithm
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Key
Key
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Symmetric Encryption
Symmetric Encryption
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Asymmetric Encryption
Asymmetric Encryption
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Substitution Cipher
Substitution Cipher
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Transposition Cipher
Transposition Cipher
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Single Transposition Cipher
Single Transposition Cipher
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Double Transposition Cipher
Double Transposition Cipher
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Study Notes
- Security mechanism is a specific method, technique, or tool used to protect computer systems and networks for digital data from cyber threats and attacks.
- Goals are to maintain the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data.
- Confidentiality means data is accessible only to authorized persons
- Integrity means data remains unaltered
- Availability means data is reliable in a timely manner and uninterrupted
Cryptography
- Cryptology is the science of making and breaking secret codes.
- Cryptography is the art of protecting information so only the intended recipient can read or process it.
Encryption
- Encryption transforms plaintext into ciphertext.
- Decryption transforms ciphertext back into plaintext.
Terminology
- Plaintext is the original message or clear text data in readable format.
- Ciphertext is the encrypted message or meaningless text data in non-readable format.
- Cryptanalysis is the study of secret code systems to obtain information.
- Cryptosystem is the set of specific algorithms.
- Algorithm is a set of instructions designed to perform a specific task, called a cipher.
- Key is the string of characters used within an encryption algorithm.
Types of Encryption
- Symmetric encryption uses the same pre-shared key to encrypt and decrypt data.
- The sender creates a ciphertext message by encrypting the plaintext message with a symmetric encryption algorithm and a shared key.
- The sender sends the ciphertext message to the recipient.
- The recipient decrypts the ciphertext message back into plaintext with a shared key.
- Asymmetric encryption uses one key to encrypt data and a different key to decrypt data.
- The sender creates a ciphertext message by encrypting the plaintext message with an asymmetric encryption algorithm and the recipient's public key.
- The sender sends the ciphertext message to the recipient.
- The recipient decrypts the ciphertext message back into plaintext using the private key that corresponds to the public key.
Methods of Creating Ciphertext
- Types of cipher: substitution, transposition, Caesar Cipher, single transposition, double transposition.
- Substitution Cipher is a way of replacing letters with other letters to create the ciphertext, applying a technique shift of key; easy to perform, easily broken.
- Example: Find the ciphertext for the following plaintext using a Caesar Cipher technique shift of 3: "POCKET ROCKET MAN"
- Build the table consisting of two rows: Plaintext and Ciphertext
- Apply the technique shift of key
- Replace the letter accordingly
- Transposition Cipher rearranges the letters to create a ciphertext.
- Advantage: Provides secure encryption using a keyword.
- Single Transposition Cipher, also known as Columnar Transposition Cipher
- The number of columns is defined by a keyword.
- × is a character for a vacant slot.
- Example: Encrypt the following plaintext using Single Transposition technique "POCKET ROCKET MAN" using keyword "TRACKS"
- Build the column by defining the number of keyword's character
- Set the index order based on alphabetical
- Insert the plaintext into column by row, from left to right
- Extract the ciphertext column by column, start from column no.1 until complete
- Double Transposition Cipher transposes the column twice, running the ciphertext from a single transposition algorithm to create a more difficult ciphertext.
- Ensure the built table and the index order are same.
- Insert the single transposition ciphertext into column by row, from left to right
- Extract the new ciphertext column by column, start from column no.1 until complete.
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