Information Security Concepts Quiz

<p>Top-down approach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mix of administrative support and technical expertise. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The MULTICS operating system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Text processing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The development of the microprocessor. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Addressing network security. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Security was treated as a low priority. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The protection of information and its critical elements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The security of a computer's data is influenced by the security of every connected computer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Security Controls for Computer Systems: Report of Defense Science Board Task Force on Computer Security—RAND R.609. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Confidentiality, integrity, and availability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The public integration of security into large corporations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anything valuable to an organization, such as data, systems, or devices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preliminary Notes on the Design of Secure Military Computer Systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce risks or protect systems from attacks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Digital Encryption Standard (DES). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Security posture or protection profile (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exposure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To examine the possibility of automated vulnerability detection techniques. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The target resource or system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secure user IDs, secure group IDs, and problems inherent in the systems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Damage or harm from a successful attack (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Rainbow Series (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical control, management commitment, employee education, and administrative procedures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No technique can secure against the system administrator or other privileged users. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The creation of the Simple Internet Protocol Plus (SIPP) Security protocols, now known as IPSEC. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Establishing physical controls to limit access to sensitive locations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Developing redundant networked communications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absence of safety procedures for dial-up connections and user authorization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RAND Report R-609 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By extending to include data security, access control, and organizational involvement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The need for code-breaking computations and secure communications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Developed the ARPANET from its inception (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The recognition that information security involves multiple layers of the organization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A weakness in a system or process that can be exploited by threats. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accuracy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enable authorized users to access information without interference. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That information is genuine and original, not a fabrication. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unauthorized access to sensitive company emails. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Possession of information is independent of its format or other characteristics. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To introduce additional dimensions expanding upon the CIA Triad. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The value of information for a specific purpose or end. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The field of computer security originated with the first mainframes and became more complex as technology advanced.

Early information security practices focused on physical access control, safeguarding sensitive military data, and preventing theft, espionage, and sabotage.

The ARPANET, the precursor to the internet, presented challenges in security due to the lack of safe dial-up connections, user identification, and authorization methods.

The RAND Report R-609, a landmark document, initiated the academic study of computer security, highlighting the critical role of management and policy in information protection.

Computer security evolved from physical security to encompass securing data, restricting unauthorized access, and involving various organizational levels in information security.

The RAND Report R-609 illustrated vulnerabilities in network communication, emphasizing the need for secure connections and proper user authentication.

The development of networking technologies, like the ARPANET, increased the need for information security measures to protect against unauthorized access and misuse.

Information security is an evolving field, constantly adapting to new technologies and security threats, requiring ongoing attention and proactive measures.

The ability to use or interact with a system, data, or resource.

Anything valuable to an organization, such as data, systems, or physical devices.

An intentional action to exploit vulnerabilities and harm a system or asset.

Measures taken to reduce risks or protect systems from attacks.

A method or tool used to take advantage of a system's vulnerability.

The condition of being at risk of harm due to vulnerabilities.

Damage or harm resulting from a successful attack, such as stolen data or financial costs.

The overall security level of an organization, based on its protections and defenses.

The MULTICS operating system was a major early effort in computer security, designed to integrate security into its core functions.

The RAND Report R-609 was a landmark document that initiated the academic study of computer security, emphasizing the importance of management and policy in information protection.

UNIX was initially created by individuals who had worked on MULTICS, although it was not designed to be a secure operating system. It was initially focused on text processing.

The ARPANET was a precursor to the internet and faced security challenges, such as the lack of secure dial-up connections and user identification methods.

The development of networking technologies like the ARPANET increased the need for information security measures to protect against unauthorized access and misuse.

The Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) was formed to address network security threats in response to the growing concerns about computer security.

The 1990s saw the rise of networks of computers and the internet, bringing increased security threats. DEFCON was established as a gathering place for those interested in information security.

The growth of the internet in the 2000s has created a global network of interconnected computers, raising the stakes for security. Nation-states engaging in information warfare are a growing concern.

A 1973 paper by Schell, Downey, and Popek that highlighted the need for enhanced security in military computer systems, emphasizing the importance of protecting sensitive data.

A 1975 publication by the Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) that focused on the Digital Encryption Standard (DES), a crucial step in establishing standardized encryption for data security.

A 1978 report by Bisbey and Hollingsworth that detailed the results of the Protection Analysis project, examining the vulnerabilities of operating system security and proposing automated methods for vulnerability detection.

A 1979 paper by Dennis Ritchie that discussed the design and limitations of the Unix operating system in terms of security, covering aspects like user and group IDs and inherent security issues.

A 1982 publication by the US Department of Defense Computer Security Evaluation Center that introduced the Trusted Computer Security Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC), later known as the Rainbow Series, to assess the security of computer systems.

A 1982 report by Grampp and Morris that analyzed various aspects of security within the Unix operating system, emphasizing the importance of physical control, management commitment, employee education, and administrative procedures for security.

A 1984 paper by Reeds and Weinberger that discussed the limitations of file security in the Unix system, highlighting the vulnerability to wiretapping and privileged users, emphasizing the importance of proper system administration.

A 1992 project by researchers at the Naval Research Laboratory, working under the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), that led to the development of IPSEC security protocols, a crucial improvement in Internet security.

The potential weakness in a system or process that can be exploited by threats.

The source from which a threat originates, such as hackers, malware, or natural disasters.

Information is considered accurate when it is free from mistakes or errors and meets user expectations. Modification unintentionally or intentionally compromises accuracy.

Information has authenticity when it is genuine, original, and not a copy or fabrication. Email spoofing is a common problem that compromises authenticity.

Information is confidential when it is protected from unauthorized disclosure or exposure to individuals or systems.

Ensuring information is whole, complete, and uncorrupted. It is critical to protect information from unauthorized modifications.

Information has utility when it is valuable for a specific purpose and presented in a meaningful format for the end user.

Possession refers to the ownership or control of information. While a breach of confidentiality always leads to a breach of possession, the reverse isn't always true.

Balancing information security and access means finding an appropriate level of protection that allows reasonable access while mitigating threats.

The bottom-up approach involves system administrators proactively improving security within their respective systems. It often lacks organizational support and a comprehensive plan.

The top-down approach is initiated by upper management, establishing policies, procedures, and goals for information security. It provides strong support, dedicated funding, and a clear plan.

Information security professionals play a vital role in implementing and maintaining a robust security system, which includes the involvement of senior management and various technical experts.

Information systems (IS) are complex entities encompassing people, procedures, technology (like software, hardware, and networks), and data. They enable businesses to effectively use information.