Information Retrieval in Evidence-Based Medicine

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Questions and Answers

What is the first step in the stepwise approach to answering DI questions?

Evaluate critical literature

Retrieve pertinent literature

Categorize quality of evidence

Define clinical question (correct)

Which of the following is a tertiary resource that can aid in initial information searches?

Lexi-comp (correct)

Embase

PubMed

Ovid

Why is it important to verify information using at least two resources?

To ensure all resources are primary

To identify discrepancies (correct)

To compare cost estimates

To simplify the research process

What characterizes primary resources in the context of information retrieval?

Original or new research Signup and view all the answers

Which resource would you not typically use to find primary literature?

Micromedex Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended action if discrepancies are found between two resources?

Find another reputable resource for verification Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following resources is classified as a tertiary resource?

Natural standard/natural medicines Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in the evaluation of critical literature?

Understanding the quality of study design Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable feature of the Sanford guide?

It has versions specifically for HIV. Signup and view all the answers

Which textbook is known for its coverage of oncology?

DeVita’s Signup and view all the answers

In evidence-based medicine, what is a background question?

A general inquiry seeking clinical information. Signup and view all the answers

What is Access Medicine primarily used for?

To find clinical books and resources. Signup and view all the answers

What do quick reference tabs in Access Medicine provide?

Concise overviews of disease states. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes clinical pharmacology in the context described?

Searching by indication or adverse effect. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a primary resource mentioned for literature evaluation?

Physician reviews of practices. Signup and view all the answers

What type of resources can be found in Access Medicine under the clinical resources section?

Online books, flash cards, and NAPLEX resources. Signup and view all the answers

What type of resources does ConsumerLab.com provide?

Testing of natural products and herbals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a service provided by the FDA?

Lactation support resources Signup and view all the answers

What essential report is published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention?

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Signup and view all the answers

What type of information can LactMed provide?

Drug levels in breast milk and potential infant effects Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary role of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)?

Supporting public health initiatives Signup and view all the answers

Which website is user-friendly and provides labeling information submitted by the FDA?

DailyMed Signup and view all the answers

What does the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) monitor?

Adverse events following immunizations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of information provided by the FDA?

Drug safety and side effects Signup and view all the answers

What feature allows for the quick navigation of guidelines?

Bolded or highlighted recommendations Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes plagiarism according to the guidelines?

Paraphrasing an idea without proper citation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following resources is likely to provide a filter for guidelines during a literature search?

PubMed article type — guideline Signup and view all the answers

When comparing multiple guidelines for disease states, which factor is NOT essential to consider?

The geographical origin of the guideline Signup and view all the answers

When is it necessary to cite your sources?

When you paraphrase or summarize another's ideas Signup and view all the answers

Which citation format must be used for journal abbreviations?

American Medical Association (AMA) Signup and view all the answers

What can be found in executive summaries of guidelines?

Shortened versions of guidelines without complete detail Signup and view all the answers

Which section of tertiary resources might provide information on clinical guidelines?

Clinical practice guidelines in drug monographs Signup and view all the answers

What is ‘sentence case’ in citation formatting?

Only capitalization of the first word and proper nouns Signup and view all the answers

Why might someone choose one guideline over another in a clinical setting?

Evaluation of high-quality evidence and alignment with the patient population Signup and view all the answers

If a scholarly article has more than six authors, how should they be cited?

Cite the first three followed by 'et al.' Signup and view all the answers

What information is NOT typically required for citing a book?

ISBN number Signup and view all the answers

What type of questions do guidelines often include to clarify their recommendations?

PICO questions Signup and view all the answers

What is typically included alongside summary recommendations in guidelines?

Text for justification and additional detail Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions does NOT require citation?

Discussing your personal experiences Signup and view all the answers

When writing a paper, when should you format titles in sentence case?

For all titles, headings, and subheadings Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal when summarizing guidelines?

To be concise and complete Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following categories should be considered when reviewing literature to refine guideline recommendations?

Efficacy, safety, cost, and special populations Signup and view all the answers

In clinical decision-making, guidelines should primarily be referenced for which purpose?

To assist and standardize clinical practice Signup and view all the answers

When integrating landmark literature, it should be used to:

Support and supplement existing guideline knowledge Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in the final recommendation derived from guidelines and literature?

A concise summary that combines multiple information sources Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the citation of guidelines in formal writing?

Most guidelines published in journals are cited as journal articles Signup and view all the answers

How should guidelines be documented in day-to-day clinical practice?

Using an accepted shorthand Signup and view all the answers

When summarizing guideline recommendations, what is a necessary skill to develop?

Combining multiple guideline statements succinctly Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Information Search and Retrieval: Review of DI Resources

A stepwise approach to answering drug information (DI) questions involves defining the clinical question, retrieving pertinent literature, evaluating critical literature, categorizing the quality of evidence, and developing a conclusion and recommendation.
Tertiary resources serve as starting points, providing background information on diseases, prevalence, mechanisms, PK/PD, and references.
Secondary resources, like Ovid, PubMed, and Embase, are tools to find primary literature.
Primary resources include original or new research and form the foundations of recommendations.
To verify information, consult at least two resources, and if discrepancies arise, consult a third reputable source.
Electronic tertiary resources include Lexi-comp, Clinical Pharmacology, Facts & Comparisons - eAnswers, Micromedex, Natural Standard/Natural Medicines, AHFS (part of Lexi), E-textbooks (AccessPharmacy & AccessMedicine), and others like UpToDate, DynaMed, Cochrane databases of systematic reviews, MDConsult, NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, Pharmacist's Letter, and Medscape.

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Resources

FDA resources include the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), with clinical trials information available online.
Resources about clinical pharmacology include drug interactions, IV compatibility, product comparisons, and adverse reactions.
Monographs, international brand names, do not crush lists, and information about tablet identification and clinical calculators are available.
Micromedex, Lexi-comp, and similar resources are available for information on drugs and supplements.
Information on natural medicines, including natural standard, natural medicine, likely/possibly/insufficient evidence scales, interactions, monographs, and nutrition/lactation information is available.

Additional Resources and Topics

Patient's entire medication review
Natural products are not FDA-approved.
Review of drug monographs for brand and generic drugs, tablet identification (with images), toxicology, interactions, and IV compatibility.
Drug facts and comparison reviews include class reviews, monographs, interactions, tablet identification, manufacturer index, and black box warnings.
Access Pharmacy and Access Medicine provide 80 key pharmacy reference texts, blogs, quick references, drug information, drug therapy cases, and study resources.
AccessMedicine includes textbooks by disease states with patient handouts on diseases, drug monographs, international names, pricing, and patient handouts in English and Spanish.
Calculators for medical data are available, including online databases for biological products and drug product pricing and packaging.
Resources like UpToDate and DynaMed provide background information on disease states, treatment options, and guidelines.
Cochrane database provides systematic reviews, and various other resources regarding specific topics.

Evaluating Information and Citations

All information should be evaluated, especially for its currency and accuracy.
Plagiarism is presenting someone else's words or ideas as your own without proper acknowledgment.
Properly citing sources is essential for academic work and avoiding plagiarism. -Information regarding when to cite sources is provided.
Correct citation formats are critical to ensure proper acknowledgment of sources. -Information and guidance on sentence case and capitalization style for titles and headings is provided. -Various resources and examples regarding scholarly articles and book chapters, different formatting styles, and package inserts are provided.

Clinical Guidelines and Landmark Literature

Clinical guidelines are systematically developed statements to support clinicians and patients with decisions about health care in specific circumstances.
Guidelines have components such as background and etiology, diagnostic criteria and testing, assessing disease states, treatment recommendations, and monitoring.
Guidelines provide concise summaries, consistency in practice, and support for patient management protocols and formulary decisions.
Guidelines often involve partnerships between professional associations, government organizations, and managed care organizations.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of information retrieval in evidence-based medicine. This quiz covers the types of resources available, including primary and tertiary resources, and their significance in clinical practice. Enhance your understanding of critical literature evaluation and the features of essential medical guides.