Information Gathering on Installed Software and Host Firmware

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Questions and Answers

What type of information about victim hosts can adversaries gather using asset scanners?

Software configurations and encryption keys

Administrative data and hardware details (correct)

IP addresses and operating system versions

Card readers and biometric information

How do adversaries create custom, target-specific wordlists for attacks?

By exploiting vulnerabilities in victim software

By gathering data from various reconnaissance techniques (correct)

By running advanced network scans on victim hosts

By using encryption algorithms on gathered information

What is a common use of an asset scanner by APTs?

To gather information on victim's social media activity

To launch DDoS attacks on victim websites

To encrypt sensitive data on victim networks

To identify vulnerabilities on victim hosts (correct)

What could be indicative of added defensive protections on victim hosts?

Dedicated encryption hardware like TPM Signup and view all the answers

In the context of reconnaissance, what does OSINT stand for?

Open-Source Intelligence Signup and view all the answers

What kind of details regarding victim hosts may adversaries gather using asset scanners?

/24 and /32 IP ranges Signup and view all the answers

What type of information about installed software may be indicative of added defensive protections?

Information about the presence of additional components like antivirus and SIEMs Signup and view all the answers

How can information about host firmware be used during targeting by adversaries?

To infer more details about hosts in the environment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a detail that adversaries might gather about client configurations?

Employee names and email addresses Signup and view all the answers

What type of information about a victim's identity can adversaries potentially use during targeting?

Sensitive details like credentials Signup and view all the answers

How might knowledge of specific host firmware versions help adversaries in reconnaissance activities?

To infer details about the host's configuration and patch level Signup and view all the answers

In the context of reconnaissance techniques, what role does information about installed software play?

Identifying potential vulnerabilities in the network Signup and view all the answers

What does the JA3 value help in identifying?

Client's TLS client software Signup and view all the answers

Which network security aspect do JARM and JA3S fingerprinting techniques help in enhancing?

Network traffic analysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of zoomeye.org as mentioned in the text?

Identifying and indexing Internet-connected devices and services Signup and view all the answers

How do filters on zoomeye.org help users in their search?

Limit search results to specific criteria like country and IP Signup and view all the answers

What type of information does www.spyse.com provide details on?

Domains, IP addresses, technologies used, open ports Signup and view all the answers

Which purpose can Spiderfoot serve according to the text?

Asset scanning for security purposes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Adversarial Reconnaissance Techniques

Adversaries create custom wordlists using gathered data to target victims
Techniques include:
Gathering victim org information
Searching victim-owned websites

Host Information Gathering

Adversaries gather information about victim hosts, including:
Administrative data (name, assigned IP, functionality, etc.)
Configuration details (operating system, language, etc.)
Gathering information about hardware infrastructure, including:
Types and versions of hardware components
Presence of additional components (card/biometric readers, dedicated encryption hardware, etc.)
Gathering information about installed software, including:
Types and versions on specific hosts
Presence of additional components (antivirus, SIEMs, Microsoft securities, etc.)
Gathering information about firmware, including:
Type and versions on specific hosts
Inferred information about hosts in the environment (configuration, purpose, age/patch level, etc.)

Client Configurations and Identity Information

Adversaries gather information about client configurations, including:
Operating system and version
Virtualization and architecture
Language and time zone
Gathering information about victim identities, including:
Personal data (employee names, email addresses, etc.)
Sensitive details such as credentials

TLS Fingerprinting

JA3 value analysis can identify TLS client software, library, or specific version used
JARM and JA3S fingerprinting techniques provide insights into TLS connections, helping to:
Identify anomalies
Detect potential malicious activity
Enhance network security and threat intelligence

OSINT Tools

Zoomeye.org: a search engine and scanning tool for identifying and indexing Internet-connected devices and services
Offers filters for narrowing search results (country, device type, port, service running, IP, etc.)
Spyse.com: provides details on domains, IP addresses, technologies used, open ports, and SSL/TLS info
Censys.io: provides details on certificates, protocols, and other relevant information
Spiderfoot: an OSINT tool for gathering information (used for both offensive and defensive security)

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Description

Explore the details about installed software types, versions, and additional components like antivirus or SIEMs, as well as information about host firmware that can be exploited during cyber attacks.