Information Categories and Metadata Quiz

Structured information: sales transaction records with clearly defined fields, such as customer number, item number, and amount. Unstructured information: a manila folder containing assorted items about a lawsuit, such as photos, notes, and articles. Semi-structured information: a web page with a title, subtitle, content, and a few images.

Structured information: relationships are straightforward and easily identifiable, such as a customer's order being directly linked to the customer record. Unstructured information: relationships are difficult to identify, and the information is often stored in a disorganized manner. Semi-structured information: relationships are easier to query and combine than unstructured information, but they lack the strong structure of fully structured data.

<p>Metadata is data about data, and it clarifies the nature of the information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For structured information, metadata describes the definitions of each of the fields, tables, and their relationships. For example, in a database, metadata might describe that a field called &quot;BirthDate&quot; is of type &quot;Date/Time&quot; and has a specific format like &quot;MM/DD/YYYY&quot;.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Duplication (A), Consistency (B), Completeness (C), Accuracy (D), Precision (E), Timeliness (F), Bias (G)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Before databases, information was stored in computer files, and each department maintained its own records. This approach led to problems such as data redundancy, lack of integration, inconsistent data definitions, and data dependence. This was called the &quot;File Processing Systems&quot; approach. Later, hierarchical databases, network databases, and relational databases were developed to address these limitations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple and efficient for one-to-many relationships. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Supports many-to-many relationships. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flexible for complex relationships. (B), Supports many-to-many relationships. (C), Highly flexible, easy to query, and supports complex relationships. (E), Requires careful planning and normalization to avoid redundancy. (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The steps include: 1. Identify Entities and Attributes, 2. Define Primary Keys, 3. Normalize the Data Model, 4. Establish Relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proper planning ensures the database is well-structured, reduces redundancy, and makes it easier to maintain and query. It also minimizes the need for costly changes down the line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A field (or group of fields) that makes each record unique in a table. For example, an employee ID uniquely identifies each employee in an employee table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A field in one table that is the primary key in another table, used to link records between tables. For example, a department ID in the employee table links to the department table, where department ID is the primary key.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary keys help to uniquely identify records within a table. Foreign keys act as bridges, linking records in one table to the primary key in another table, effectively establishing relationships and enabling data retrieval across tables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most people access a database through an application interface with user-friendly web-based forms. These forms enable users to securely enter, edit, delete, and retrieve data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Users can access an Access database through forms and reports generated by the software. Access provides tools for creating forms and reports, making it easy for users to interact with the database.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The DBA is responsible for the efficient operation of the company's databases. They perform essential tasks such as monitoring and optimizing performance, troubleshooting bottlenecks, setting up new databases, enhancing security, planning capacity requirements, designing backup and disaster recovery plans, and working with department heads and the IT team to resolve problems and build innovative applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The job outlook for database administrators is strong, with a projected 10-year job growth of 31% and a median salary of $87,200. The role is critical as organizations increasingly rely on data for decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SQL, or Structured Query Language, is a standard query language used to manipulate information in relational databases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SQL is used to create, read, update, and delete records in a database. For example, a simple SQL query to retrieve the last name and first name of an employee with the last name &quot;Park&quot; would look like this: SELECT LastName, FirstName FROM Employees WHERE LastName = &quot;Park&quot;;</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A shadow system is a smaller database or information system developed by individuals or departments outside of the IT department. These systems focus on specific information requirements and are not managed by central IT staff.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shadow systems are often created because employees want to get their jobs done more efficiently and quickly, especially when the central IT systems are slow to adapt or lack specific functionality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shadow systems are typically managed by the individuals or departments that create them. They are often built using tools like Microsoft Access or Excel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shadow systems provide quick solutions to specific problems and allow departments to customize systems to their needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Master Data Management (MDM) is an approach that addresses inconsistencies in how employees use data by achieving uniform definitions for entities and their attributes across all business units. It ensures that everyone in the organization uses the same definitions for terms like &quot;employee,&quot; &quot;sale,&quot; or &quot;student.&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A Data Steward is a person responsible for ensuring that people adhere to the definitions for master data in their organizational units. They act as watchdogs and bridge builders to maintain data consistency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Master Data Management is critical for integrating data from multiple sources, especially during mergers, and when combining systems from different departments. It ensures that reports and summaries are consistent and accurate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A Data Warehouse is a central data repository containing information drawn from multiple sources, used for analysis, intelligence gathering, and strategic planning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three steps are: 1. Extract, 2. Transform, 3. Load.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extract refers to extracting data from its home database, which may include operational systems or external sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transform involves cleaning and transforming the extracted data to conform to common data definitions and ensure data consistency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Load refers to the process of loading the cleaned and transformed data into the data warehouse, which may be a single or ongoing process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal sources include operational data from the company's own systems, such as customer records, transactions, inventory, and human resource information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data Cubes (A), Relational Database (B), Data Warehouse Appliance (C), Virtual Federated Warehouse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Virtual Federated Warehouse is suitable for real-time information because it extracts and transforms data in real time rather than taking periodic snapshots.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Velocity (B), Volume (C), Variety (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data Mining is a type of intelligence gathering that uses statistical techniques to explore large data sets, hunting for hidden patterns and relationships that are undetectable in routine reports.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data Dredging refers to finding relationships that might occur by accident and have little value, whereas Data Mining focuses on discovering meaningful and actionable insights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The goal of Data Mining is to uncover patterns and relationships that can help organizations make better decisions, predict future trends, and gain a competitive advantage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Examples include: Craigslist, Instagram, and Google Person Finder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ownership issues arise because people often view information resources protectively, even when the organization claims ownership. For example, salespeople may want to protect access to their sales leads, or departments may want to control who can modify their records. These issues can lead to conflicts and delays in making changes to the database.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Customers want simple, reliable user interfaces and quick access to information. (A), Top-Level Management needs strategic information from big data. (B), Government Agencies require compliance reports using their own definitions. (C), Operating Units need transaction-level reports and systems that support fast-moving business requirements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers