Podcast
Questions and Answers
The representation of facts is known as ______
The representation of facts is known as ______
data
______ refers to data with a specific meaning.
______ refers to data with a specific meaning.
Information
Data in context is known as ______.
Data in context is known as ______.
information
Collecting and measuring observations generates ______.
Collecting and measuring observations generates ______.
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Facts are captured, stored and expressed as ______.
Facts are captured, stored and expressed as ______.
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________ refers to interconnected information that signifies what is, why it is, and how to do.
________ refers to interconnected information that signifies what is, why it is, and how to do.
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________ knowledge refers to how to do something.
________ knowledge refers to how to do something.
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Knowledge is about understanding the _________ of information.
Knowledge is about understanding the _________ of information.
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To gain knowledge, it is necessary to _________ information.
To gain knowledge, it is necessary to _________ information.
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Data provides building blocks for ________, and information does so for knowledge.
Data provides building blocks for ________, and information does so for knowledge.
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Data is transformed into information by assigning a ________ or context to data.
Data is transformed into information by assigning a ________ or context to data.
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The ________ boundaries between information and knowledge indicates how closely these are related.
The ________ boundaries between information and knowledge indicates how closely these are related.
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Data about data is referred to as ______.
Data about data is referred to as ______.
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The prefix 'meta' generally indicates an underlying or basic ______.
The prefix 'meta' generally indicates an underlying or basic ______.
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The ______ model organizes data into a tree-like structure with a single root.
The ______ model organizes data into a tree-like structure with a single root.
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The ______ model is an extension of the hierarchical model, allowing more flexible connections.
The ______ model is an extension of the hierarchical model, allowing more flexible connections.
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The most widely used database model is the ______ model.
The most widely used database model is the ______ model.
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In a database management system, the logical design and structures define how data will be ______.
In a database management system, the logical design and structures define how data will be ______.
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Metadata summarizes the basic ______ about data.
Metadata summarizes the basic ______ about data.
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In MIS, data, information, and ______ are usually called information resources.
In MIS, data, information, and ______ are usually called information resources.
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Documents can be revised and changed, while ______ are created when something is done and record an event.
Documents can be revised and changed, while ______ are created when something is done and record an event.
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Accessing data is easier and faster in the network model because it establishes more ______ between data.
Accessing data is easier and faster in the network model because it establishes more ______ between data.
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The hierarchical model adds child nodes to the ______ node.
The hierarchical model adds child nodes to the ______ node.
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A ______ is a paper example of a hypertext system, containing linked data and information.
A ______ is a paper example of a hypertext system, containing linked data and information.
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Hypertext systems allow for a ______, non-linear reading experience.
Hypertext systems allow for a ______, non-linear reading experience.
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The main use of hypertext is in ______ retrieval applications.
The main use of hypertext is in ______ retrieval applications.
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Information can be of various media, it may be a fragment of ______ document, structured data from databases, or lists of terms.
Information can be of various media, it may be a fragment of ______ document, structured data from databases, or lists of terms.
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Readers are pointed to a page of any other ______ information in a hypertext system.
Readers are pointed to a page of any other ______ information in a hypertext system.
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Hypertext-based structures exhibit a pattern of linked ______/info.
Hypertext-based structures exhibit a pattern of linked ______/info.
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There is a big difference between documents and ______.
There is a big difference between documents and ______.
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Study Notes
Introduction
- This presentation covers the management of data, information, and knowledge.
- The presenter is Emmanuel.
- Contact email: [email protected]
Topic Outline
- Data, information, and knowledge.
- Data, information, knowledge MIS focus.
- Technology for managing data/information.
- Newer database developments.
- Managing information-life cycle metaphor.
- Technology for information management.
Data, Information, and Knowledge Relationship
- Data: raw, unorganized facts (low level)
- Size, complexity, management cost define raw data characteristics.
- Information: data with meaning (mid level)
- Information transforms data from unorganized facts into meaningful data
- Context is crucial for data interpretation.
- Knowledge: interpreted and organized information (high level)
- Knowledge builds on information to develop perspectives and understanding.
Data
- Representation of facts.
- Collection of symbols (text, visual, audio), may or may not have meaning.
- Essentially, raw material used to create information.
- Meaning arises from context.
- Examples include sales records with last name, sales, product type, and company, client requests to the server.
Information
- Data given context.
- Data in context to build meaning.
- It is meaningful information in the context of data in other contexts
- Examples: "Juan is my friend", "a client device sent requests to the server, database record."
Knowledge
- Interconnected information with meaning and purpose.
- Understands the significance of information.
- Guides effective action and decision making.
- Recognition of patterns and trends based on information and experience.
- Involves multiple data points, information, and experience.
- Example: The surgeon's knowledge of anatomy and methodology guide surgery.
Information Resources
-
More vs. Less Structured Information (Records vs. Documents):
- Documents are planned and can be revised.
- Records document events and don't change.
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Hypertext-Based Structures:
- Hypertext systems are non-linear.
- Linking content pieces is a major component
- Information can be retrieved via indexes, similar to dictionaries.
-
Data about data (Metadata):
- Meta-data describes another data.
- Metadata summarizes essential information that makes finding particular data entries simpler and faster.
Managing Information-Life Cycle Metaphor
- Information life cycle traces value changes over time.
- Value is highest when data is created and used frequently.
- Value decreases as data ages and is used less often.
- Appropriate storage infrastructure should adjust to the changing value of information.
Technology for Managing Data/Information
-
DBMS Models:
- Hierarchical, network, relational, and object models.
- Database Models (logical structure) are models that structure data in a database.
- These models dictate how structured data will be stored, accessed, and updated.
-
Hierarchical Models:
- Organizes data in a tree-like structure, with one root node to connect all other related information.
-
Network Models:
- Follows the hierarchical format of a tree in the form of a graph.
-
Entity Relationship Model:
- Groups related data elements in groups called entities.
- These entities use attributes, such as name, address, to connect related data.
-
Relational Model:
- Data organized in tables (rows and columns)
- Tables' relationships depend on common, related-field attributes.
- Example: A database that handles data about students in a college setting. Several student entities form the database, categorized by attribute such as name, id, age, or address.
Newer Database Developments
-
Data Warehousing:
- Combines data from various sources to support analytical reporting in data processing.
-
Data Mining:
- Uses software to discover patterns in large quantities of data for business decision making.
-
Online Analytical Processing (OLAP):
- Enables complex data analysis, reports, and predictive scenarios.
Assignment #1
- Define data and information management.
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Test your understanding of key concepts related to data, information, and knowledge. This quiz covers the definitions, transformations, and relationships between these important terms. Perfect for those studying information science or data management.
