Influence of Physical, Social, and Cultural Settings on Children's Development
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Questions and Answers

What type of reciprocity involves exchanges where one party acts entirely for their own self-interest?

  • Neutral Reciprocity
  • Generalized Reciprocity
  • Balanced Reciprocity
  • Negative Reciprocity (correct)

    • In the Family Systems Model by Minuchin, what is a source of stress that focuses on one family member?

  • Handicap child stress
  • Individual-focused stress (correct)
  • Transitional stress
  • Whole family stress

    • Which level of the Ecological context has a direct impact on the individual?

  • Microsystem (correct)
  • Exosystem
  • Mesosystem
  • Macrosystem

    • According to Vygotsky, what does ZPD stand for?

    <p>Zone of Proximal Development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle states that human development is an orderly process?

    <p>Development is relatively orderly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reciprocity expects the exchange to balance itself over time without keeping an exact ledger?

    <p>Generalized Reciprocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of Reciprocating Influences in child development?

    <p>Children's behavior is influenced by others and they also influence others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Richard Bell (1979), what is the Law of Reciprocity?

    <p>Every positive action will lead to a positive reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Robert Cairns (1998) emphasize in child development?

    <p>Parents and children exercise equal influence over each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the environment influence children's behavior according to the text?

    <p>Children's behavior can be affected by the physical, social, and cultural settings they are in</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In child development, what does bidirectionality refer to?

    <p>Parents and children exercise equal influence over each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Robert Cairns (1998) suggest about parents and children in terms of influence?

    <p>Parents and children equally influence each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Reciprocity and Self-Interest

    • Self-Interest Reciprocity: Involves exchanges where one party acts purely for their own benefit, without consideration for the other party's needs or interests.

    Family Systems Model by Minuchin

    • Source of Stress: Focuses on a specific family member, creating dynamics that can contribute to the overall stress within the family system.

    Ecological Context

    • Direct Impact Level: The level that affects the individual directly is the microsystem, involving immediate environments like family and school.

    Vygotsky's Concepts

    • ZPD: Stands for Zone of Proximal Development, a theory highlighting the difference between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance.

    Human Development Principle

    • Orderly Process Principle: Suggests that human development follows a predictable and systematic progression.

    Reciprocity Without Exact Ledger

    • Balanced Reciprocity: Refers to an exchange type where balance is expected over time but without maintaining precise records of exchanges.

    Reciprocating Influences in Child Development

    • Concept Overview: Describes how children and their environments mutually influence one another, emphasizing the dynamic interplay of personal and contextual factors in development.

    Richard Bell's Law of Reciprocity (1979)

    • Law Definition: Suggests that supportive actions and exchanges between individuals create mutual obligations, encouraging ongoing cooperation among them.

    Robert Cairns' Emphasis (1998)

    • Child Development Focus: Highlighted the role of social influences, specifically the impact of peer relationships and interactions on child development.

    Environmental Influence on Children's Behavior

    • The environment plays a crucial role in shaping children's behavior, affecting their emotional and social development through various contextual factors.

    Bidirectionality in Child Development

    • Refers to the concept that influences in child development flow both ways, meaning that children affect their environment just as much as it affects them.

    Cairns on Parent-Child Influence (1998)

    • Influence Dynamics: Suggested that parents and children mutually influence each other, indicating that the relationship is interactive and constantly evolving.

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    Description

    This quiz explores how children's development is influenced by their physical, social, and cultural environments. It delves into topics such as the impact of different countries and cultures on children's behavior and values.

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