Podcast
Questions and Answers
According to DFCSF (2007), what is considered as a feminine activity due to literacy issues among males?
According to DFCSF (2007), what is considered as a feminine activity due to literacy issues among males?
How does the decline in heavy industries impact male employment opportunities according to Mitsos and Browne?
How does the decline in heavy industries impact male employment opportunities according to Mitsos and Browne?
Why does Sewell suggest that coursework should be replaced with exams?
Why does Sewell suggest that coursework should be replaced with exams?
What is a key reason for the declining presence of 'real' male role models in schools?
What is a key reason for the declining presence of 'real' male role models in schools?
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Which factor contributes to lower achievement levels among boys according to the text?
Which factor contributes to lower achievement levels among boys according to the text?
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How does the feminization of primary teaching impact boys' perception of future employment?
How does the feminization of primary teaching impact boys' perception of future employment?
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What is the main role of the Ideological State Apparatus according to the text?
What is the main role of the Ideological State Apparatus according to the text?
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According to Althusser, what is the main purpose of education?
According to Althusser, what is the main purpose of education?
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What concept is used to describe the idea that school processes mirror the world of work?
What concept is used to describe the idea that school processes mirror the world of work?
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How is the Hidden Curriculum designed to function according to the text?
How is the Hidden Curriculum designed to function according to the text?
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What does the Myth of Meritocracy suggest about education?
What does the Myth of Meritocracy suggest about education?
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Which term describes a social institution that enforces dominant ideology through force or threat of force?
Which term describes a social institution that enforces dominant ideology through force or threat of force?
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What influence can the dominating gender in a lesson have on gender image, based on the text?
What influence can the dominating gender in a lesson have on gender image, based on the text?
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What might girls be seen as if they opt for sports?
What might girls be seen as if they opt for sports?
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How does Paechter's research impact students' decisions in relation to sports?
How does Paechter's research impact students' decisions in relation to sports?
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Why might BAME students be discouraged from studying English and History, as mentioned in the text?
Why might BAME students be discouraged from studying English and History, as mentioned in the text?
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What factor may lead some students to feel excluded from certain subjects based on the text?
What factor may lead some students to feel excluded from certain subjects based on the text?
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In which type of schools does Leonard suggest that gendered subject image has less impact?
In which type of schools does Leonard suggest that gendered subject image has less impact?
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What are the three interlinked types of capital according to Bourdieu?
What are the three interlinked types of capital according to Bourdieu?
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What did Margaret Fuller's research on black girls in a London school reveal about their response to being labelled as low-achievers?
What did Margaret Fuller's research on black girls in a London school reveal about their response to being labelled as low-achievers?
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Which type of capital includes knowledge, attitudes, values, language, and abilities?
Which type of capital includes knowledge, attitudes, values, language, and abilities?
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What impact can a negative label on working-class (W/C) students have according to the text?
What impact can a negative label on working-class (W/C) students have according to the text?
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How does Economic Capital contribute to academic achievement according to Bourdieu?
How does Economic Capital contribute to academic achievement according to Bourdieu?
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Why might a positive label given to middle-class (M/C) students contribute to their achievement according to the text?
Why might a positive label given to middle-class (M/C) students contribute to their achievement according to the text?
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How does being placed in lower streams/sets in schools affect the achievement of students?
How does being placed in lower streams/sets in schools affect the achievement of students?
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Why do middle-class students tend to perform better academically than their working-class counterparts?
Why do middle-class students tend to perform better academically than their working-class counterparts?
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What external factor is mentioned in relation to the higher rate of hyperactivity and ADHD among 10-year-olds from lower-income backgrounds?
What external factor is mentioned in relation to the higher rate of hyperactivity and ADHD among 10-year-olds from lower-income backgrounds?
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What critique does labeling theory face according to the text?
What critique does labeling theory face according to the text?
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How might structural sociologists counter the argument of teacher agency in labeling theory?
How might structural sociologists counter the argument of teacher agency in labeling theory?
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In Alice Sullivan's study assessing students' cultural capital, how many pupils across 4 schools completed the questionnaires?
In Alice Sullivan's study assessing students' cultural capital, how many pupils across 4 schools completed the questionnaires?
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Study Notes
Gender Identities and Peer Group Pressures
- Girls dominate in Drama and the Arts, while boys dominate in PE, influencing gender images.
- Students face pressure to conform to gender stereotypes to be accepted by peers.
- Sport is seen as a male domain, and girls who participate are seen as unfeminine.
- Students who opt for opposite-domain subjects may face name-calling and bullying.
Ethnocentric Curriculum and Material Factors
- BAME students may be put off from studying subjects like English and History due to the focus on white British culture.
- Students may be channelled to less academic subjects due to limited English language proficiency.
- Material factors, such as the cost of completing a course, may exclude students from certain subjects (e.g., Music and Art).
Cultural Factors and Labelling
- Working-class students may feel certain subjects are not for them due to lack of cultural knowledge (e.g., Drama or English).
- Working-class students may be pushed towards less academic and more vocational subjects.
Subject Choice and Evaluation
- Moving towards gender-neutral parenting and socialization can reduce subject genderization.
- Single-sex schools show that subject genderization is a social construct.
Differential Educational Achievement: Gender (Boys)
- Poor literacy amongst males contributes to the 'Gender gap'.
- Reading is seen as a feminine activity, and mothers often read with their children.
- Boys' lack of vocabulary limits their achievement through language code and expression.
Impact of Globalization and Teaching
- Decline of heavy industries since the 1980s led to identity crises in boys.
- Schools do not nurture masculine traits, such as competitiveness and leadership, and instead celebrate qualities like attentiveness.
- Teaching is a feminine profession, lacking 'real' male role models, especially in primary schools.
Labeling Theory
- A negative label can lead to students forming an anti-school subculture and underachieving.
- A positive label can lead to a pro-school subculture and help students achieve.
Social Capital and Educational Achievement
- Bourdieu's three types of capital: Cultural (knowledge, attitudes, values, language, and abilities), Economic (money and household income), and Educational (academic achievement).
- These types of capital can be converted from one to another and are interlinked.
- Middle-class students have the economic capital to provide cultural experiences, leading to academic achievement and educational capital.
Influence of Education Policy
- 1980s: Vocational Education, 1988 Education Reform Act (funding formula, league tables).
- New Labour: Academies, Coalition Government: Free Schools, Privatisation of Education.
Ideological State Apparatus and Role of Education
- Education maintains capitalism and reproduces social inequality.
- Education deliberate engineers working-class failure to create an unqualified factory workforce.
- Private education prepares children of the elite for positions of power.
- The hidden curriculum is shaped to assist middle-class achievement and deter working-class achievement.
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Description
Explore the impact of various education policies in the UK, from the 1980s to the present day. Learn about funding formulas, league tables, academies, free schools, and the privatization of education. Understand the concepts of Ideological State Apparatus and Repressive State Apparatus.
