Inflammation and NSAIDs Overview

Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of fentanyl patches?

To manage chronic or cancer pain (correct)

To treat acute pain conditions

To provide immediate analgesia for surgery

To relieve pain from minor injuries

What classification does buprenorphine with naloxone fall under?

Schedule II opioid

Schedule IV analgesic

Schedule III partial agonist (correct)

Schedule I opioid

Which of the following statements about extended-release morphine is correct?

It should never be crushed before administration. (correct)

It can be safely crushed for quicker absorption.

It is only available in oral form.

It is preferred for treating mild pain.

Which of the following drugs is commonly combined with acetaminophen?

Hydrocodone Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate equivalence of fentanyl to morphine in terms of IV administration?

0.1 mg fentanyl = 10 mg morphine Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential for physical and psychological dependence on drugs classified under Schedule III?

Moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence Signup and view all the answers

What type of pain is oxycodone hydrochloride primarily intended to treat?

Moderate to severe pain Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method of administration for fentanyl?

Sublingual tablets Signup and view all the answers

Which drugs are classified as partial agonists with opioid antagonists?

Buprenorphine and naloxone Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates methamphetamine from the other drugs listed?

It is classified under Schedule II Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Inflammation & Arachidonic Acid Pathway

Protective localized response triggered by tissue injury to destroy or sequester harmful agents.
Symptoms include pain, fever, redness, swelling, and loss of function.
Inflammatory mediators: proteins of the complement system, histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins.

Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

Class of drugs with pain-relieving (analgesic), anti-inflammatory, and fever-reducing (antipyretic) properties.
Indicated for fever, pain, inflammation, and thromboembolic disorders.
Common uses: mild to moderate headaches, muscle pain (myalgia), nerve pain (neuralgia), joint pain (arthralgia), and postoperative pain relief.

Salicylates

Example: Aspirin (salicylic acid) inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in myocardial infarction management.
Low doses (325mg or 81mg) prescribed for cardioprotection.

Acetic Acid Derivatives

Example: Indomethacin (Indocin) provides analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects primarily for arthritis.
Potential harsh effects on the stomach; available in multiple forms (PO, IV, rectal).

Propionic Acid Derivatives

Example: Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil) is the most commonly used NSAID, used for various pain syndromes.
Typical dosage: 200mg every 4-6 hours, not exceeding 1200mg daily.

Mechanism of Action

Inhibition of leukotriene and prostaglandin pathways.
Blocks cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 & COX-2) to reduce inflammatory responses.

Adverse Effects

Common gastrointestinal effects: dyspepsia, heartburn, GI bleeding, and mucosal lesions.
Renal effects: can compromise renal function, particularly in vulnerable populations.
Cardiovascular risks: potential to cause pulmonary edema and increased thrombotic events.

Contraindications

Not recommended for individuals with documented aspirin allergy or bleeding risks.
Caution in patients with conditions like Vitamin K deficiency or peptic ulcers.

Interactions

Serious interactions can occur with anticoagulants, corticosteroids, and blood pressure medications.

Nursing Implications

Regularly assess cardiac, renal, and liver function in patients using NSAIDs.
Educate patients on potential adverse effects and appropriate use of medications.

Opioid Medications

Treats acute pain associated with tissue damage; effects include altering a patient's normal function.
Agonists bind to opioid receptors in the brain, producing analgesic effects.

Opioid Antagonists

Naloxone (Narcan) and Naltrexone (ReVia) used to reverse opioid overdose and toxicity.

Schedule II Drugs

High potential for abuse with restrictions; medications include morphine and hydrocodone.
Indicated for severe pain management and have a high risk of dependence.

Fentanyl

A synthetic opioid for managing moderate to severe pain; available in various forms, including patches and injectable.

Schedule III Drugs

Moderate potential for dependence; includes drugs like oxycodone and buprenorphine/naloxone combinations.

Summary of Key Drug Classes

Salicylates: Aspirin for pain and cardioprotection.
Acetic Acid Derivatives: Indomethacin for inflammatory conditions.
Propionic Acid Derivatives: Ibuprofen for general pain relief.
Opioids: Strong analgesics, with risks for dependency and overdose.

Description

This quiz explores the concepts of inflammation and the arachidonic acid pathway, including the role of inflammatory mediators and the effects of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). It covers common types of NSAIDs such as salicylates and acetic acid derivatives, detailing their functions and therapeutic uses. Assess your knowledge on these crucial medical topics.