Infinity Academy Systemic Pathology Mid: Cardiovascular System Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD)
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a type of coronary artery disease?

  • Mitral valve prolapse
  • Cardiomyopathy
  • Coronary artery embolus (correct)
  • Rheumatic fever

Which of the following is a type of myocardial disease?

  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (correct)
  • Aortic stenosis
  • Mitral valve prolapse
  • Rheumatic fever

What is the characteristic histological feature of hypertensive heart disease?

  • Thickening of the mitral valve leaflets
  • Inflammation of the papillary muscle
  • Calcification of the aortic valve
  • Large fibers with large nuclei, later interstitial fibrosis (correct)

What is the most common cause of death in hypertensive heart disease?

<p>Congestive heart failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common valvular disease?

<p>Aortic stenosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the trigger for the development of rheumatic fever?

<p>Streptococcal pharyngitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main feature of Monckeberg medial calcific sclerosis?

<p>Focal dystrophic calcific deposits in the media of small to medium-sized muscular arteries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of arteriolosclerosis?

<p>Diabetes mellitus and hypertension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central component of the atheroma plaque in atherosclerosis?

<p>Intracellular and extracellular lipid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main feature that distinguishes atherosclerosis from Monckeberg medial calcific sclerosis?

<p>Intimal deposition of lipids, called atheroma plaque (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a complication of atherosclerosis?

<p>Thrombus formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main distribution of atherosclerosis?

<p>Elastic large and medium-sized arteries of vital organs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action in acute rheumatic fever?

<p>Antibodies against streptolysin O and DNase B react with glycoproteins in the heart, joints, and other tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is most commonly affected by acute rheumatic fever?

<p>Children (5-15 years) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of acute rheumatic carditis?

<p>Rheumatoid nodules in the pericardium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which heart valve is most commonly affected in acute rheumatic carditis?

<p>Mitral valve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic histological finding in acute rheumatic carditis?

<p>Aschoff bodies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of infection in infective endocarditis?

<p>Formation of vegetations on the valves due to thrombotic debris and organisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following arteries has the highest risk of atherosclerosis?

<p>Coronary artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intermittent claudication refers to:

<p>Pain in the lower limbs upon walking that is relieved by rest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis?

<p>Family history (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of cholesterol increases the risk of atherosclerosis?

<p>LDL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following dietary factors is considered a 'bad fat' that increases the risk of atherosclerosis?

<p>Cholesterol and saturated fats (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about diabetes mellitus (DM) and atherosclerosis is true?

<p>DM increases the risk of hypercholesterolemia and myocardial infarction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) according to the text?

<p>Fixed coronary artery stenosis due to atheroma in the intima (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) according to the text?

<p>Chronic IHD (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between stable angina pectoris (typical angina) and unstable angina according to the text?

<p>Stable angina is caused by fixed coronary artery stenosis, while unstable angina is caused by acute complication of atheroma leading to partial obstruction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main treatment for ischemic heart disease?

<p>Using a mesh to maintain blood supply (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between subendocardial myocardial infarction and transmural myocardial infarction according to the text?

<p>Subendocardial MI involves the inner layer of the myocardium, while transmural MI involves the entire thickness of the myocardium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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