Infinity Academy Systemic Pathology Mid: Cardiovascular System Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD)

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Which of the following is a type of coronary artery disease?

Mitral valve prolapse

Cardiomyopathy

Coronary artery embolus (correct)

Rheumatic fever

Which of the following is a type of myocardial disease?

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (correct)

Aortic stenosis

Mitral valve prolapse

Rheumatic fever

What is the characteristic histological feature of hypertensive heart disease?

Thickening of the mitral valve leaflets

Inflammation of the papillary muscle

Calcification of the aortic valve

Large fibers with large nuclei, later interstitial fibrosis (correct)

What is the most common cause of death in hypertensive heart disease?

Congestive heart failure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common valvular disease?

Aortic stenosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the trigger for the development of rheumatic fever?

Streptococcal pharyngitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main feature of Monckeberg medial calcific sclerosis?

Focal dystrophic calcific deposits in the media of small to medium-sized muscular arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of arteriolosclerosis?

Diabetes mellitus and hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is the central component of the atheroma plaque in atherosclerosis?

Intracellular and extracellular lipid Signup and view all the answers

What is the main feature that distinguishes atherosclerosis from Monckeberg medial calcific sclerosis?

Intimal deposition of lipids, called atheroma plaque Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a complication of atherosclerosis?

Thrombus formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main distribution of atherosclerosis?

Elastic large and medium-sized arteries of vital organs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action in acute rheumatic fever?

Antibodies against streptolysin O and DNase B react with glycoproteins in the heart, joints, and other tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is most commonly affected by acute rheumatic fever?

Children (5-15 years) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of acute rheumatic carditis?

Rheumatoid nodules in the pericardium Signup and view all the answers

Which heart valve is most commonly affected in acute rheumatic carditis?

Mitral valve Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic histological finding in acute rheumatic carditis?

Aschoff bodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of infection in infective endocarditis?

Formation of vegetations on the valves due to thrombotic debris and organisms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following arteries has the highest risk of atherosclerosis?

Coronary artery Signup and view all the answers

Intermittent claudication refers to:

Pain in the lower limbs upon walking that is relieved by rest Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis?

Family history Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of cholesterol increases the risk of atherosclerosis?

LDL Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following dietary factors is considered a 'bad fat' that increases the risk of atherosclerosis?

Cholesterol and saturated fats Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about diabetes mellitus (DM) and atherosclerosis is true?

DM increases the risk of hypercholesterolemia and myocardial infarction Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) according to the text?

Fixed coronary artery stenosis due to atheroma in the intima Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) according to the text?

Chronic IHD Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between stable angina pectoris (typical angina) and unstable angina according to the text?

Stable angina is caused by fixed coronary artery stenosis, while unstable angina is caused by acute complication of atheroma leading to partial obstruction Signup and view all the answers

What is the main treatment for ischemic heart disease?

Using a mesh to maintain blood supply Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between subendocardial myocardial infarction and transmural myocardial infarction according to the text?

Subendocardial MI involves the inner layer of the myocardium, while transmural MI involves the entire thickness of the myocardium Signup and view all the answers