Infertility Causes and Impacts
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Questions and Answers

What is the most common cause of female infertility?

  • Premature ovarian insufficiency
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (correct)
  • Diminished ovarian reserve
  • Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea

Which hormonal test is commonly used to evaluate ovulation?

  • FSH level on day 21
  • Testosterone level on day 21
  • Progesterone level on day 21 (correct)
  • Prolactin level on day 21

What condition is characterized by the failure of women's ovaries before the age of 40?

  • Menopause
  • Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea
  • Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) (correct)
  • Diminished ovarian reserve

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of infertility related to the fallopian tubes?

<p>Radiation exposure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can menopause be defined?

<p>Natural decline in ovarian function around age 50 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary evaluation method for determining fallopian tube patency?

<p>Hysterosalpingogram (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can negatively impact ovulation due to emotional stress?

<p>Increased cortisol levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Diminished Ovarian Reserve (DOR) characterized by?

<p>Number of eggs less than expected (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common method to assess the structure of the uterus?

<p>Transvaginal ultrasound (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can potentially lead to Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea (FHA)?

<p>Excessive exercise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the pituitary gland play in ovulation?

<p>Secretes hormones critical for ovulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which testing method can help evaluate the patency of the fallopian tubes?

<p>Chromopertubation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormonal profile is often evaluated during the early phase of a woman’s menstrual cycle to assess ovarian reserve?

<p>FSH on day 3-5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common factor might lead to decreased egg quality and increased risk of miscarriage?

<p>Age of the woman (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions describes an ovarian failure that occurs before the age of 40?

<p>Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What medical condition can potentially obstruct the fallopian tubes?

<p>Endometriosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential psychosocial factor that may improve a woman's chances of conceiving after a period of stress?

<p>Relaxation and stress reduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition may lead to ovulatory irregularities in women?

<p>Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method used to evaluate the patency of the fallopian tubes?

<p>Hysterosalpingogram (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormonal condition is characterized by excessively high levels of prolactin affecting ovulation?

<p>Pituitary tumor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk factor associated with infertility related to body weight?

<p>Overweight and obesity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used to evaluate hormones to determine ovulation status on cycle day 21?

<p>Progesterone level (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition involves a natural decline in ovarian function occurring around age 50?

<p>Menopause (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition characterized by fewer eggs than expected, impacting fertility?

<p>Diminished Ovarian Reserve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reproductive issue is most associated with the presence of polyps or fibroids in the uterus?

<p>Fallopian Tube Obstruction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary hormonal test conducted on day 3-5 of the menstrual cycle to assess fertility?

<p>FSH levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does emotional stress potentially affect a woman's ability to conceive?

<p>It raises cortisol levels affecting ovulation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition might result from a pituitary tumor producing excessive prolactin?

<p>Anovulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributes to increased infertility risk as age progresses?

<p>Reduction in egg supply and quality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is commonly used to assess the structure of the uterus?

<p>Transvaginal ultrasound (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of women suffering from Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI)?

<p>Ovaries fail before age 40 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What imaging technique is used to evaluate fallopian tube patency?

<p>Chromopertubation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible outcome for women diagnosed with Diminished Ovarian Reserve (DOR)?

<p>They may be able to conceive naturally. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is commonly linked to the obstruction of fallopian tubes?

<p>Pelvic inflammatory disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can excessive stress potentially lead to in women trying to conceive?

<p>Amenorrhea due to hormonal imbalance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age does menopause typically begin in women?

<p>50 years old (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test can be utilized to evaluate the levels of progesterone in a woman's menstrual cycle?

<p>Day 21 progesterone test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does smoking have on fertility?

<p>Reduces the chances of conception. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of high prolactin levels due to a pituitary tumor?

<p>Inhibition of ovulation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is often assessed using transvaginal ultrasound to evaluate the uterine structure?

<p>Uterine fibroids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Infertility

Inability to conceive after one year of trying.

PCOS

Polycystic ovary syndrome; a common cause of irregular ovulation in women.

Diminished Ovarian Reserve (DOR)

Lower than expected number of eggs due to factors like age or genetics.

Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea (FHA)

Irregular or absent periods due to stress, exercise, or weight issues.

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Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI)

Ovaries fail before age 40, affecting fertility.

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Semen Analysis

Test to determine male factors contributing to infertility.

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Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)

X-ray procedure using dye to visualize the uterus and fallopian tubes.

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Ovulatory Predictor Kit

Used to detect ovulation time in women. Along with progesterone level checks

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What is a common cause of female infertility?

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of female infertility due to irregular ovulation, often characterized by cysts on the ovaries.

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FHA

Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea (FHA) is when a woman's menstrual cycle becomes irregular or stops due to stress, exercise, or weight loss, sometimes related to eating disorders.

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How can a pituitary tumor affect fertility?

A tumor on the pituitary gland can cause excessive prolactin production, inhibiting ovulation and leading to infertility.

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How is fallopian tube obstruction evaluated?

A hysterosalpingogram (HSG) is an X-ray procedure that uses dye to visualize the uterus and fallopian tubes, checking for blockages. A chromopertubation, done during laparoscopy, also uses dye to assess tube patency.

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What can be used to assess the uterus?

A transvaginal ultrasound can be used to evaluate the uterus for issues like polyps, fibroids, or lesions.

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Risk factors for infertility

Factors such as increasing age, smoking, alcohol consumption, weight issues, and emotional stress can contribute to infertility.

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Why is age a factor in fertility?

As women age, their egg quality declines, making it more difficult to conceive and increasing the risk of miscarriage. This is a natural process.

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What's a common cause of blocked fallopian tubes?

Past infections like pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ruptured appendix, gonorrhea, or chlamydia can lead to scarring and blockage of the fallopian tubes.

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How does stress affect fertility?

High levels of stress hormones, like cortisol, can disrupt ovulation and make it harder to conceive. Relaxing and managing stress can improve chances.

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What is a sonohysterogram?

This is a type of ultrasound used to examine the inside of the uterus, looking for abnormalities like polyps or fibroids.

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What is a hysterosalpingogram?

This is an X-ray procedure using dye to visualize the uterus and fallopian tubes, checking for blockages or abnormalities.

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What is Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI)?

This occurs when a woman's ovaries stop functioning before age 40, leading to decreased fertility and irregular periods.

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What is Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea (FHA)?

This occurs when stress, weight loss, or intense exercise disrupts the normal function of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, leading to irregular periods or amenorrhea.

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What is Diminished Ovarian Reserve (DOR)?

This refers to having a lower number of eggs than expected, which may be due to age or genetic factors, impacting fertility.

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What causes infertility?

Several factors can cause infertility, including issues with fallopian tubes, ovaries, or the uterus.

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What can be used to check ovulation?

Ovulation predictor kits and blood tests to check progesterone levels on day 21 of the menstrual cycle can help determine if ovulation is happening.

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What is PCOS?

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of infertility in women, leading to irregular ovulation or no ovulation at all.

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What is DOR?

Diminished Ovarian Reserve (DOR) refers to a lower number of eggs than expected, possibly due to age or genetics.

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What is FHA?

Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea (FHA) occurs when stress, exercise, or weight loss disrupt the menstrual cycle.

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How is fallopian tube blockage evaluated?

Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) uses X-rays and dye to visualize the fallopian tubes.

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What is infertility?

Infertility is the inability to conceive after one year of trying to get pregnant.

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Name 3 causes of infertility in women

Fallopian tube issues, ovarian problems, and uterine abnormalities are all significant causes of infertility in women.

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How does age affect fertility?

As women age, their egg quality declines, making it more difficult to conceive and increasing the risk of miscarriage. This is a natural process.

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Study Notes

Infertility

  • Infertility is the inability to conceive after one year of trying.
  • Causes include issues with fallopian tubes, ovaries, and the uterus.
  • Ovulation issues are common. Predictor kits and blood tests (progesterone, FSH, AMH, AFC) monitor ovulation.
  • PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) is a common cause of irregular ovulation.
  • Diminished Ovarian Reserve (DOR) means fewer eggs than expected. This can be congenital or acquired.
  • Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is caused by exercise, weight loss, stress, or eating disorders, affecting normal ovulation function.
  • Improper pituitary/hypothalamic function can lead to irregular ovulation.
  • Too much prolactin from the pituitary gland can cause problems with ovulation.
  • Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) occurs when ovaries fail before age 40. These factors include exposure to chemotherapy/radiotherapy, certain medical conditions. Typically, only 5-10% get pregnant naturally.
  • Menopause is the natural decline of ovarian function, occurring around age 50, characterized by no period for a year, hot flashes, mood changes, and sleep difficulties.

Diagnosing Infertility

  • Tests to check for ovulation issues: ovulation predictor kits, blood tests (progesterone, FSH, AMH, AFC).
  • Transvaginal ultrasound assesses the ovaries.

Potential Causes of Female Infertility

  • Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR)
  • Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI)
  • Problems with the uterus.
  • Fallopian tube abnormalities
  • Polyps, fibroids, other uterine lesions

Potential Causes of Male Infertility

  • Varicocele (affects sperm shape/number)
  • Trauma to the testicles
  • Alcohol/smoking/drugs/steroids
  • Certain medical treatments
  • Hormonal issues (hypogonadism)

Evaluation of Infertility

  • Comprehensive physical exams
  • Semen analysis
  • Hormonal testing (LH, FSH, etc.)
  • Imaging (hysterosalpingogram, chromopertubation) to check fallopian tubes and uterus for abnormalities

Management of Infertility

  • Medications (e.g., Clomid) to stimulate ovulation
  • Intrauterine insemination (IUI)
  • In-vitro fertilization (IVF)

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Chapter 147: Fertility PDF
Chapter 147: Fertility PDF

Description

Explore the various causes of infertility including hormonal imbalances, ovulation issues, and conditions like PCOS and DOR. This quiz addresses the factors affecting conception and the role of diagnostic tests in understanding fertility. Test your knowledge on this critical topic in reproductive health.

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