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Questions and Answers
Which imaging technique provides information about blood flow velocity, flow direction, presence of flow disturbance, or turbulence in the vasculature?
Which imaging technique provides information about blood flow velocity, flow direction, presence of flow disturbance, or turbulence in the vasculature?
What is the term for flow direction away from the liver in the vasculature?
What is the term for flow direction away from the liver in the vasculature?
What type of vessels are characterized by low or reversed flow in diastole and supply organs that do not demand constant blood perfusion?
What type of vessels are characterized by low or reversed flow in diastole and supply organs that do not demand constant blood perfusion?
What does spectral broadening in Doppler spectral waveforms indicate?
What does spectral broadening in Doppler spectral waveforms indicate?
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Which system's vasculature is not described as a key focus in the objectives?
Which system's vasculature is not described as a key focus in the objectives?
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What type of imaging provides real-time visualization and pulsed Doppler capabilities used either simultaneously or sequentially for evaluating abdominal vascular disease?
What type of imaging provides real-time visualization and pulsed Doppler capabilities used either simultaneously or sequentially for evaluating abdominal vascular disease?
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Which artery originates from the anterior wall of the aorta, 1 to 2 cm inferior to the origin of the celiac axis?
Which artery originates from the anterior wall of the aorta, 1 to 2 cm inferior to the origin of the celiac axis?
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Which artery supplies blood to the jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending and transverse colon, portion of the duodenum, and the pancreatic head?
Which artery supplies blood to the jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending and transverse colon, portion of the duodenum, and the pancreatic head?
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Which artery supplies blood to the descending and sigmoid flexures of the colon and the greater part of the rectum?
Which artery supplies blood to the descending and sigmoid flexures of the colon and the greater part of the rectum?
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Which renal artery is longer than the other and divides into four or five branches before entering the hilum of the kidney?
Which renal artery is longer than the other and divides into four or five branches before entering the hilum of the kidney?
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Approximately what percentage of the population has duplicated and/or accessory renal arteries?
Approximately what percentage of the population has duplicated and/or accessory renal arteries?
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What are the abdominal arteries characterized as in terms of echogenic walls?
What are the abdominal arteries characterized as in terms of echogenic walls?
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Which vessel supplies a high-resistance vascular bed?
Which vessel supplies a high-resistance vascular bed?
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During fasting, what kind of vessel is the superior mesenteric artery?
During fasting, what kind of vessel is the superior mesenteric artery?
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What happens to the superior mesenteric artery diastolic flow component postprandially?
What happens to the superior mesenteric artery diastolic flow component postprandially?
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Which part of the aorta supplies blood to low-resistance vessels that supply the liver, spleen, and kidneys?
Which part of the aorta supplies blood to low-resistance vessels that supply the liver, spleen, and kidneys?
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What is the main blood supply of infrarenal aorta directed toward?
What is the main blood supply of infrarenal aorta directed toward?
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Which arteries consistently demonstrated with ultrasound are branches of the abdominal aorta?
Which arteries consistently demonstrated with ultrasound are branches of the abdominal aorta?
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The IVC's normal diameter is typically less than?
The IVC's normal diameter is typically less than?
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Which vessel is formed by the confluence of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins?
Which vessel is formed by the confluence of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins?
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Anatomic anomalies of the IVC include duplication and absence or relocation of portions of the vessel. Which is NOT an anatomic anomaly of the IVC?
Anatomic anomalies of the IVC include duplication and absence or relocation of portions of the vessel. Which is NOT an anatomic anomaly of the IVC?
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Which vein is longer, courses anterior to the aorta, and receives the left gonadal and suprarenal veins?
Which vein is longer, courses anterior to the aorta, and receives the left gonadal and suprarenal veins?
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The hepatic veins empty into which vessel?
The hepatic veins empty into which vessel?
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Which vessel supplies the liver with blood through the left and right portal veins?
Which vessel supplies the liver with blood through the left and right portal veins?
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The diameters of abdominal veins vary with respiration. What is the normal diameter of the portal vein associated with expiration?
The diameters of abdominal veins vary with respiration. What is the normal diameter of the portal vein associated with expiration?
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Which vessel enters the porta hepaticis with the portal vein and common bile duct, and branches into the right and left trunks that supply the right and left lobes of the liver?
Which vessel enters the porta hepaticis with the portal vein and common bile duct, and branches into the right and left trunks that supply the right and left lobes of the liver?
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What does IVC stands for?
What does IVC stands for?
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Which vessel gives rise to multiple tributaries, with the renal veins being the most relevant to the vascular ultrasound examination of the hepatoportal and renal systems?
Which vessel gives rise to multiple tributaries, with the renal veins being the most relevant to the vascular ultrasound examination of the hepatoportal and renal systems?
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Which vein receives blood from both renal veins?
Which vein receives blood from both renal veins?
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Where does the IVC lie medial to?
Where does the IVC lie medial to?
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Which vessel provides blood supply to the liver and spleen through its branch vessels?
Which vessel provides blood supply to the liver and spleen through its branch vessels?
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Which vessel supplies the pancreas, small intestine, and colon?
Which vessel supplies the pancreas, small intestine, and colon?
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Which vessels supply low-resistance organs like kidneys with high diastolic flow?
Which vessels supply low-resistance organs like kidneys with high diastolic flow?
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Which vessel demonstrates forward diastolic flow in its Doppler velocity waveform?
Which vessel demonstrates forward diastolic flow in its Doppler velocity waveform?
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Which vessel demonstrates low diastolic flow in the fasting state and high diastolic flow postprandially?
Which vessel demonstrates low diastolic flow in the fasting state and high diastolic flow postprandially?
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Which vessel's Doppler spectrum waveform mimics that of SMA in the fasting state?
Which vessel's Doppler spectrum waveform mimics that of SMA in the fasting state?
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Which vessels' Doppler spectral waveform shows significant diastolic flow?
Which vessels' Doppler spectral waveform shows significant diastolic flow?
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Which system consists of the IVC and its tributaries, as well as the portal venous system?
Which system consists of the IVC and its tributaries, as well as the portal venous system?
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What creates a unique vascular partnership by supplying the liver with blood?
What creates a unique vascular partnership by supplying the liver with blood?
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Which vessel is formed by the confluence of the common iliac veins?
Which vessel is formed by the confluence of the common iliac veins?
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Which organ is supplied by the hepatic branch of the IVC?
Which organ is supplied by the hepatic branch of the IVC?
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Which artery provides blood supply to the liver and spleen through its branch vessels?
Which artery provides blood supply to the liver and spleen through its branch vessels?
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Which artery supplies blood to the stomach, liver, spleen, and small intestine?
Which artery supplies blood to the stomach, liver, spleen, and small intestine?
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From which major artery does the common hepatic artery originate?
From which major artery does the common hepatic artery originate?
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Which artery provides blood to the anterior and posterior segments of the stomach and esophagus?
Which artery provides blood to the anterior and posterior segments of the stomach and esophagus?
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From which major artery does the proper hepatic artery originate?
From which major artery does the proper hepatic artery originate?
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Which major artery supplies blood to the intestines from the jejunum to the distal two-thirds of the transverse colon?
Which major artery supplies blood to the intestines from the jejunum to the distal two-thirds of the transverse colon?
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Which major artery is located along the lesser curvature of the stomach?
Which major artery is located along the lesser curvature of the stomach?
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Which major artery courses along the superior border of the pancreatic neck and head?
Which major artery courses along the superior border of the pancreatic neck and head?
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Which major artery is located posterior to the left renal vein, SMA, splenic vein, pancreas body/tail, and celiac artery?
Which major artery is located posterior to the left renal vein, SMA, splenic vein, pancreas body/tail, and celiac artery?
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In vascular duplex sonography, which imaging techniques have been complemented by color, power, and harmonic and real-time compound imaging for examination of the hepatoportal, mesenteric, and renal vascular systems?
In vascular duplex sonography, which imaging techniques have been complemented by color, power, and harmonic and real-time compound imaging for examination of the hepatoportal, mesenteric, and renal vascular systems?
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What is the average diameter of the celiac artery in the abdominal arterial system?
What is the average diameter of the celiac artery in the abdominal arterial system?
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Which vessel characteristically tapers slightly from its proximal to distal segments in the abdominal arterial system?
Which vessel characteristically tapers slightly from its proximal to distal segments in the abdominal arterial system?
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What is the normal measurement range for the average diameter of the inferior vena cava in the abdominal venous system?
What is the normal measurement range for the average diameter of the inferior vena cava in the abdominal venous system?
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Which imaging modality is being explored for use in selected vascular cases in extended, advanced practice?
Which imaging modality is being explored for use in selected vascular cases in extended, advanced practice?
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What does the systolic window refer to in a Doppler spectral display?
What does the systolic window refer to in a Doppler spectral display?
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Which vessels supply organs that do not demand constant blood perfusion and are characterized by low or reversed flow in diastole?
Which vessels supply organs that do not demand constant blood perfusion and are characterized by low or reversed flow in diastole?
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Where does the abdominal aorta terminate in the body?
Where does the abdominal aorta terminate in the body?
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"Outstanding technical advancements" have facilitated the extension of vascular duplex sonography into which vessels of the abdomen?
"Outstanding technical advancements" have facilitated the extension of vascular duplex sonography into which vessels of the abdomen?
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What type of imaging was initially used for noninvasive evaluation of the superficial arteries and veins?
What type of imaging was initially used for noninvasive evaluation of the superficial arteries and veins?
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What can cause dilation of the inferior vena cava on ultrasound?
What can cause dilation of the inferior vena cava on ultrasound?
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Which condition can lead to increased diameter of the hepatic veins?
Which condition can lead to increased diameter of the hepatic veins?
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How does deep inspiration affect the inferior vena cava on ultrasound?
How does deep inspiration affect the inferior vena cava on ultrasound?
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What is the typical appearance of the hepatic veins on ultrasound?
What is the typical appearance of the hepatic veins on ultrasound?
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From which approach can the hepatic veins be most often insonated?
From which approach can the hepatic veins be most often insonated?
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What may occasionally be visualized as the 'bunny sign' when insonating the hepatic veins from a subcostal approach?
What may occasionally be visualized as the 'bunny sign' when insonating the hepatic veins from a subcostal approach?
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What can lead to dilation of the inferior vena cava on ultrasound?
What can lead to dilation of the inferior vena cava on ultrasound?
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Which condition can lead to increased diameter of the hepatic veins within the liver parenchyma?
Which condition can lead to increased diameter of the hepatic veins within the liver parenchyma?
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How does deep inspiration affect the inferior vena cava on ultrasound?
How does deep inspiration affect the inferior vena cava on ultrasound?
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What is the typical appearance of the hepatic veins on ultrasound?
What is the typical appearance of the hepatic veins on ultrasound?
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Study Notes
- The text discusses the location and visualization of various abdominal aorta branches using ultrasound.
- The aorta, which can be tortuous, is located anterior to the spine and is bordered by the celiac artery, splenic artery, and superior mesenteric artery (SMA), among others.
- The celiac artery, located left of the aorta, is tortuous and divides into three major branches: the left renal artery, common hepatic artery, and left gastric artery. It supplies blood to the stomach, liver, spleen, and small intestine.
- The common hepatic artery, originating from the celiac artery, courses along the superior border of the pancreatic neck and head. It gives rise to the gastroduodenal artery, then becomes the proper hepatic artery, and eventually enters the porta hepatis.
- The proper hepatic artery branches into the right and left hepatic arteries, which divide into segmental and subsegmental hepatic artery branches. These branches course parallel to the bile ducts and portal vein branches within the liver.
- The left gastric artery, located along the lesser curvature of the stomach, sends branches to the anterior and posterior segments of the stomach and esophagus.
- The splenic artery, tortuous and located posterior to the left renal vein, SMA, splenic vein, pancreas body/tail, and celiac artery, supplies blood to the spleen and the inferior portion of the duodenum.
- The superior mesenteric artery, which originates from the right of the aorta, courses superiorly and provides blood to the intestines from the jejunum to the distal two-thirds of the transverse colon.
- The text also mentions various structures in the abdomen, such as the diaphragm, inferior vena cava (IVC), and the pancreas, among others.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the anatomy and position of the inferior vena cava in the human body. Explore the structure and relations of the IVC in the retroperitoneum, its proximity to organs such as the liver and kidney, and its pathway to the heart.
