Inferencing Phylogenies
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT used to infer phylogenies?

  • Morphology
  • Biochemistry
  • Anatomy (correct)
  • Genetics
  • What is the term used for phenotypic and genetic similarities due to shared ancestry?

  • Analogies
  • Divergent evolution
  • Homologies (correct)
  • Convergent evolution
  • Which of the following will reflect the evolutionary relationships among organisms?

  • Similarities resulting from divergent evolution
  • Similarities resulting from common ancestry (correct)
  • Similarities resulting from convergent evolution
  • Similarities resulting from parallel evolution
  • What is the term used to describe organisms with very similar morphologies or DNA sequences?

    <p>Homologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must systematists distinguish between when inferring phylogenies?

    <p>Homology and analogy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are similarities resulting from shared ancestry called?

    <p>Homologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are similarities resulting from convergent evolution called?

    <p>Analogies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are similarities resulting from divergent evolution called?

    <p>Homologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are similarities resulting from parallel evolution called?

    <p>Analogies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for organisms with different structures or sequences?

    <p>Analogies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of homology is based on the degree of similarity in nucleotide sequence among taxa?

    <p>Molecular homologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can cause extensive mismatch between sequences that are otherwise quite similar?

    <p>Single nucleotide insertion or deletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group includes an ancestral species and all its descendants?

    <p>Clade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A taxon is equivalent to a clade only if it is __________.

    <p>Monophyletic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of group consists of an ancestral species and some, but not all, of the descendants?

    <p>Paraphyletic group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of group includes distantly related species but does not include their most recent common ancestor?

    <p>Polyphyletic group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of sequence homology between Drosophila DH44 and Human CRH?

    <p>38%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for classifying organisms by common descent?

    <p>Cladistics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of species that includes an ancestral species and all its descendants?

    <p>Clade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group that is equivalent to a clade only if it is monophyletic?

    <p>Taxon</p> Signup and view all the answers

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