Infective Endocarditis Definition and Overview
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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'Endocarditis' refer to?

  • Inflammation of the inner layer of the heart (correct)
  • Infection of the outer layer of the heart
  • Inflammation of the lung tissue
  • Infection of the blood vessels
  • Which of the following is true about Infective Endocarditis?

  • It affects the outer layer of the heart
  • It is common in non-cardiac related illnesses
  • It is a life-threatening infection caused by microbes on the heart's endothelial surface (correct)
  • It is a harmless infection caused by viruses
  • What part of the heart do microbes settle on in Infective Endocarditis?

  • Myocardium
  • Pericardium
  • Endothelial surface (correct)
  • Epicardium
  • Which term best describes the inflammation of lung tissue?

    <p>Pneumonitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Infective Endocarditis considered serious?

    <p>It poses a life-threatening risk due to its infection on heart structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vascular phenomena is characterized by small erythematous or hemorrhagic macules on the palms and soles?

    <p>Janeway lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vascular event is associated with the formation of blood clots that travel through the bloodstream and block arteries?

    <p>Major arterial emboli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vascular condition can lead to localized weakness in blood vessel walls and potentially rupture?

    <p>Mycotic aneurysm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of both septic pulmonary infarcts and intracranial hemorrhage?

    <p>They involve blockage of arteries by clots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vascular issue is characterized by bleeding in the white part of the eye due to rupture of small blood vessels?

    <p>Conjunctival hemorrhages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can eradication be difficult?

    <p>High concentration of microbes buried deep within the vegetation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can lead to the reduction of microbial activity within the vegetation?

    <p>Interference of fibrin and white blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does fever typically begin to disappear after starting treatment?

    <p>1-3 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does not contribute to the difficulty in eradicating microbes from vegetation?

    <p>Increased sunlight exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do white blood cells have on antibiotics according to the text?

    <p>Decrease antibiotic effectiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria is most commonly associated with infective endocarditis (IE)?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of IE cases are associated with Staphylococcus?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side of the heart is usually affected by Staphylococcal IE?

    <p>Right side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial group is known to be the most common cause of community-acquired and native infective endocarditis?

    <p>Viridans Group Streptococci (VGS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is Viridans Group Streptococci (VGS) normally found in the body?

    <p>Oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cardiac condition is associated with a calcified aortic stenosis?

    <p>Bicuspid valve disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should antibiotic prophylaxis be considered for patients with nonvalvular cardiovascular devices?

    <p>Only for specific cases like incision and drainage of abscesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of patients should receive prophylaxis for residual valve leaks after device placement?

    <p>Patients with atrial septal defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition warrants prophylaxis for patients undergoing incision and drainage of abscesses?

    <p>Mitral valve prolapse with regurgitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation is antibiotic prophylaxis not suggested for patients with nonvalvular cardiovascular devices?

    <p>In cases of coronary artery bypass graft surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

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