Infectious Diseases - Transmission and Virulence

<p>Inhibit endosome-lysosome fusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Induction of penicillinase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Include transmission through fomites, vectors, and other humans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clostridium tetani (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extrusion of multiple antibiotic compounds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coating with IgA antibodies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal normal flora like Staphylococcus from skin or Streptococcus from the throat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PAWP/CO slope with a threshold &gt;2 mmHg/L/min (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PH is categorized by similar haemodynamic characteristics and pathophysiology. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Roughly 1% of the global population (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintain the core structure but with necessary clarifications. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A hemodynamic state with various underlying causes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>90–95% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PH associated with (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They account for about 1–10% of patients with left heart or lung diseases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>60–85% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To help nonspecialists understand all possible causes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The initial contact between a pathogen and a host.

A pathogen's ability to attach to host cells.

Pathogens' strategies to avoid the host's immune system.

The process by which pathogens increase their numbers.

The harm pathogens cause to host cells and tissues.

Pathogens that originate from outside the host.

Pathogens originating from within the host, often commensal.

Gram-positive bacteria adhere to surfaces by peptidoglycans.

Gram-negative bacteria adhere by components like flagella, pili, and fimbriae

The production of harmful substances by pathogens that cause disease.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a condition where the pressure in the blood vessels of the lungs is abnormally high. This makes the heart work harder to pump blood through the lungs.

Mean Pulmonary Artery Pressure (mPAP) can change depending on how much someone is exercising. This makes it less reliable in diagnosing exercise-related PH.

The PH classification divides the condition into 5 subgroups based on similar causes, symptoms, and treatment.

PH is a relatively common condition with a global prevalence of approximately 1%.

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) and Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH) are rare but severe forms of PH.

These groups of pulmonary hypertension (PH) are the most common, accounting for 90-95% of cases worldwide. They are often linked to left heart disease, lung disease, and blood clots.

Severe pulmonary hypertension is less common, affecting only 1-10% of patients. It involves significant damage to the blood vessels in the lungs.

The term "PH associated with" highlights that certain conditions like heart disease or lung disease are risk factors for PH, but don't always directly cause it.

Many patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) also have other health problems like heart or breathing conditions.

These diseases affect the blood vessels in the lungs, sometimes leading to pulmonary hypertension. They involve damage to the vessels.