Infectious Diseases Quiz: Bacteria and Malaria

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What condition occurs when bacteria flourish and grow in the bloodstream?

  • Septicemia
  • Fungemia
  • Bacteremia (correct)
  • Viremia

Ingestion of botulinum toxin alone by an adult will result in botulism.

  • False (correct)
  • True
  • True only if toxins are present
  • Only in infants

Which of the following describes a form of plague?

  • Bubonic form; buboes develop (correct)
  • Control of rodent populations
  • Septic form; called Black Death
  • Pneumonic form; sputum highly contagious

Which factor is NOT a risk factor for developing tetanus after stepping on a nail?

<p>If Jenna had received a Tdap booster shot in the past 10 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cyclic bouts of fever and chills in malaria are caused by what type of cell lysis?

<p>Red blood cell lysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To confirm a suspected Neisseria meningitidis infection, analysis of cerebrospinal fluid would likely reveal a ________?

<p>Gram-negative diplococcus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogen is neurotropic and has a preference for infecting neurons?

<p>Rabies virus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Streptococcus mutans ferments dietary carbohydrates and releases what byproduct that contributes to dental caries?

<p>Acidic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Gram-negative bacterium is often associated with severe dehydration due to watery diarrhea following natural disasters?

<p>Vibrio cholerae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component that allows Helicobacter pylori to survive in the stomach?

<p>Production of urease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of Escherichia coli strain is known for causing severe infections and is typically found in healthy cattle?

<p>Enterohemorrhagic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding salmonellosis is true?

<p>Type of gastroenteritis characterized by diarrhea and vomiting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hepatitis virus is most commonly transmitted through contaminated water?

<p>Hepatitis A (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of urinary tract infections related to the use of urinary catheters?

<p>Escherichia coli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the inflammation of the bladder?

<p>Cystitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of lesions, associated with tertiary syphilis, can develop in various organs?

<p>Gummas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about genital herpes transmission is NOT true?

<p>It can only be contracted through sexual intercourse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered sterile in a healthy individual?

<p>The lower folds of the urinary bladder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Bacteremia?

A condition where bacteria multiply and spread throughout the bloodstream.

What is Septicemia?

A serious infection where bacteria multiply in the blood and release toxins, leading to inflammation and organ damage.

What is Plague?

The plague is a serious bacterial infection caused by Yersinia pestis. It can affect humans and animals. The infection can spread through the bite of an infected flea, direct contact with an infected animal, or through contact with contaminated fluids of an infected animal.

Tetanus is caused by what?

Tetanus is caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which produces a toxin that affects the nervous system. The bacteria usually enters the body through a wound, often a deep puncture wound.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What causes the fever and chills in Malaria?

The cyclic bouts of fever and chills, hallmark symptoms of Malaria, are caused by the destruction of infected red blood cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the Gram staining result for Neisseria meningitidis?

Neisseria meningitidis is a bacterium that causes meningitis, a serious infection of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. The bacteria can be detected by Gram staining, where it shows up as a gram-negative diplococcus, meaning it is a pair of round bacteria that do not retain the gram stain.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Which pathogen is neurotropic?

The rabies virus is neurotropic, meaning it primarily infects neurons in the brain and spinal cord.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What bacteria is responsible for dental caries?

Streptococcus mutans, a bacteria found in the mouth, ferments carbohydrates, releasing acidic byproducts that erode the tooth enamel, leading to cavities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Salmonellosis

A type of gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella, characterized by vomiting and diarrhea, often associated with undercooked poultry, eggs, reptile and rodent feces, and treated with fluid replacement.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vibrio cholerae

A Gram-negative bacterium that causes severe watery diarrhea, leading to dehydration. It is often linked to contaminated water supplies after natural disasters.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli

A type of Escherichia coli strain that can cause severe and fatal infections. It is typically found in the intestines of cattle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Botulinum toxin

A toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum, known for its use in cosmetic procedures (Botox) and treatment of migraines.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Urease

The enzyme produced by Helicobacter pylori, which helps it survive the acidic environment of the stomach.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cystitis

An inflammation of the bladder. This is a very common condition, often caused by bacterial infections.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gummas

Tertiary lesions in the tertiary stage of syphilis. These lesions can be found in the liver, skin, bone, and cartilage.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A group of bacteria that are Gram-negative diplococci. They can cause infections in the reproductive system and lead to sterility in both men and women. They can also cause neonatal eye and respiratory infections during birth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Chlamydia trachomatis

A type of bacterium that has a two-phase lifecycle: elementary bodies (infectious and non-replicating) and reticulate bodies (non-infectious and replicating).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

A virus that can be transmitted through sexual contact, kissing, and oral sex. It can cause genital herpes, gingivostomatitis, and cold sores.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Bacterial Bloodstream Infections

  • Bacteremia: Bacteria flourishing in the bloodstream
  • Septicemia: Severe, life-threatening bloodstream infection

Botulism

  • Ingesting botulinum toxin alone can cause botulism in adults. (True)

Plague

  • Plague has three forms:
    • Septic form (Black Death)
    • Bubonic form (buboes develop)
    • Pneumonic form (highly contagious sputum)
  • Effective disease control involves controlling rodent populations.

Tetanus Risk Factors

  • Deep puncture wound: Increases risk of tetanus
  • Presence of Clostridium tetani spores on the nail: Increases risk of tetanus
  • Insufficient Tdap booster (within 10 years): Increases tetanus risk

Malaria

  • Cyclic fever and chills are caused by red blood cell lysis.

Meningitis

  • Suspected Neisseria meningitidis infection is characterized by:
    • Fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck.
    • Presence of petechiae (red patches) on the abdomen.
    • Confirmation requires culture of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that shows a Gram-negative diplococcus.

Neurotropic Pathogens

  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Rabies virus
  • Epstein-Barr virus

Dental Caries

  • Streptococcus mutans ferments carbohydrates, producing acidic byproducts that contribute to dental caries.

GI Tract Defenses

  • Mucus, acid, saliva
  • Secretory IgA, lysozyme
  • Peristalsis
  • GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissue) are all part of the GI tract defenses.

Waterborne Gastroenteritis

  • Vibrio cholerae often causes outbreaks after natural disasters due to fecal contamination of water sources.
  • It causes watery diarrhea, often leading to dehydration but not fever or bloody stools.

Salmonellosis

  • Caused by Salmonella (but not Salmonella typhi).
  • Associated with undercooked poultry/eggs and reptile/rodent feces.
  • Causes gastroenteritis (vomiting & diarrhea).
  • Treated with fluid & electrolyte replacement.

Botulinum Toxin

  • Botulinum toxin, when used cosmetically, is known as Botox.
  • It is a novel treatment for some migraine sufferers.
  • Clostridium botulinum produces botulinum toxin.

Gastrointestinal Pathogen Dissemination

  • Diarrhea facilitates the spread of gastrointestinal pathogens to the environment, thereby promoting transmission. (True)

Helicobacter pylori

  • Survives in the stomach due to urease production.

Escherichia coli

  • Enterohemorrhagic E. coli can cause severe and fatal infections.

Food Poisoning Pathogens

  • Clostridium perfringes
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Clostridiodes difficile
  • Bacillus cereus are common causes of food poisoning.

Helicobacter pylori Diseases

  • Helicobacter pylori causes peptic ulcers.

Hepatitis Transmission

  • Hepatitis A is more likely to be transmitted by contaminated water compared to Hepatitis B, C, and D.

Cystitis

  • Cystitis is inflammation of the bladder.

Tertiary Syphilis

  • Tertiary stage of syphilis involves gummas (lesions).

Urinary Tract Infections

  • Escherichia coli is a common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs), particularly after urinary catheter use.
    • Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridioides difficile, and Bordetella pertussis are incorrect possible causes of UTI.
  • Escherichia coli, a Gram-negative bacillus bacteria, is a causative agent of UTIs.

Chlamydia trachomatis

  • Commonly transmitted through sexual contact.
  • Has a biphasic lifecycle:
    • Reticulate bodies: Intracellular, reproduce via mitosis.
    • Elementary bodies: Infectious, non-replicating.

Genital Herpes

  • Contracted through sexual contact with an infected partner (HSV-1 or HSV-2).
  • Possible transmission through oral sex.

Herpes Treatment

  • Herpes cannot be treated with antibiotics. (False)

Urinary Tract Sterility

  • The lower folds of the urinary bladder are not sterile in healthy individuals.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

More Like This

Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia Complications and Management
18 questions

Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia Complications and Management

FlatterMorningGlory avatar
FlatterMorningGlory
Bacteremia and Meningitis Quiz
24 questions

Bacteremia and Meningitis Quiz

ResilientSwaneeWhistle1200 avatar
ResilientSwaneeWhistle1200
Bacteremia and Sepsis Overview
24 questions

Bacteremia and Sepsis Overview

ResilientSwaneeWhistle1200 avatar
ResilientSwaneeWhistle1200
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser