Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary mode of transmission of Hepatitis A?
What is the primary mode of transmission of Hepatitis A?
Which type of hepatitis is not permanently damaging?
Which type of hepatitis is not permanently damaging?
What is the primary mode of transmission of HIV?
What is the primary mode of transmission of HIV?
What is the purpose of using personal protective equipment (PPE)?
What is the purpose of using personal protective equipment (PPE)?
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What type of wound requires stitches?
What type of wound requires stitches?
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What is the first step in first aid for profusely bleeding?
What is the first step in first aid for profusely bleeding?
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What type of wound is caused by a friction-like movement?
What type of wound is caused by a friction-like movement?
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How long should you wash your hands with soap and water?
How long should you wash your hands with soap and water?
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What is the correct order of steps for treating a puncture wound?
What is the correct order of steps for treating a puncture wound?
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What is the primary function of the epidermis?
What is the primary function of the epidermis?
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What is the recommended treatment for a blister?
What is the recommended treatment for a blister?
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What is the primary cause of skin lesions?
What is the primary cause of skin lesions?
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What is the recommended treatment for a chemical burn?
What is the recommended treatment for a chemical burn?
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What is the primary characteristic of impetigo?
What is the primary characteristic of impetigo?
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What is the recommended treatment for MRSA?
What is the recommended treatment for MRSA?
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What is the primary characteristic of abscesses?
What is the primary characteristic of abscesses?
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What is the recommended treatment for tinea corporis?
What is the recommended treatment for tinea corporis?
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What is the primary characteristic of psoriasis?
What is the primary characteristic of psoriasis?
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Study Notes
First Aid and Infectious Disease
- Hepatitis:
- Six types caused by different viruses
- Hepatitis A: transmitted through fecal or oral contact, food, and water
- Hepatitis B: transmitted through blood, semen, and saliva
- Hepatitis C: bloodborne and sexually transmitted
- Hepatitis D: bloodborne, can only be contracted if already infected with Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis E: transmitted through fecal and oral contact
- Hepatitis G: little known
- Symptoms: impaired liver function, mild flu-like symptoms, fatigue, loss of appetite
- Management: immediate referral, use protection; vaccines available for Hepatitis A and B
- AIDS:
- Caused by HIV retrovirus
- Symptoms: gradual deterioration of immune system
- Management: immediate referral, use protection
- HIV:
- Human immunodeficiency virus
- Symptoms: persistent fever, night sweats, dry cough, unexplained weight loss, diarrhea, bloody stool, bruising easily, white spots in the mouth, severe headaches
- Management: referral, use protection; transmitted through blood, semen, and vaginal secretion
Prevention of Pathogen Transmission
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): gloves, masks
- Handwashing: wash hands with soap and water for 20 seconds
Wounds
- Laceration: a sharp object cuts the skin
- Puncture wound: a sharp object pierces the skin
- Blister: a friction-related injury
- Abrasion: a scrape to the skin from an outside source
- Stitches: needed if the laceration is deeper than ¼ inch, longer than ½ inch, or within 6 hours of injury
First Aid
- Bleeding:
- Check the scene, ask for consent, tell someone to call 911, glove up, apply direct pressure, add more gauze if needed, elevate the extremity
- Abrasions:
- Check the scene, ask for consent, glove up, spray wound with antiseptic, pat dry with gauze, apply antibiotic cream, cover with band-aid or non-adherent dressing
- Puncture wounds:
- Get consent, glove up, leave the object in the skin if still in place, activate Emergency Action Plan (EAP), apply pressure, clean with antiseptic, apply antibiotics, cover with band-aid
Skin
- Functions: protects body from germs, regulates temperature, prevents fluid and nutrient loss, transmits information to the brain
- Layers: epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue
- Lesions: caused by direct trauma, allergic reactions, chemical irritants, heat, cold, bacteria, fungi, and viruses
Skin Lesions
- Blister: do not drain, cover with a donut pad or second skin, apply band-aid, cover with non-adherent take
Burns
- Types: chemical, electrical
- Treatment: rinse in cold water, pat dry, apply lubrication, cover wound
- Prevention: keep electric appliances away from water, turn off power sources, be cautious
Infectious Diseases
- Bacterial:
- Impetigo: highly contagious, symptoms include itching, burning, oozing sores, crusty
- Methicillin-resistant staph (MRSA): resistant to antibiotics, symptoms include small red bumps resembling pimples, boils, spider bites, deep painful abscesses
- Abscesses: collection of pus, pain, redness, swelling, fever
- Acne: clogged sebaceous glands, flares with stress and hormones, no cure
- Fungal:
- Types: tinea unguium (nails), tinea pedis (feet), tinea cruris (groin), tinea corporis (body), tinea capitis (scalp), candidiasis (vaginal yeast), tinea versicolor (not contagious)
- Management: antifungal medication, change environment, referral if widespread or condition does not clear
- Viral:
- (no specific examples listed)
Other Infectious Diseases
- Psoriasis: triggered by stress, symptoms include rapid build-up of rough, dry, dead skin, scaling, management includes topical and systemic therapy, diet changes, and environmental adjustments
- Hyperhidrosis: excessive sweating, symptoms include excessive perspiration, management includes antiperspirants
Bites and Stings
- Ticks:
- Parasites that attach to people or animals, absorb blood
- Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Lyme disease
- Symptoms: headache, low-grade fever, fatigue, muscle pain
- Management: immediate physician referral, tick removal using a substance that blocks air, do not attempt to pull the head from the body
- Lice:
- Body, head, and genital lice
- Spread through close physical contact
- Symptoms: nighttime itching, pustules, repetitive picking
- Management: topical lotions and shampoos, disinfect clothing and equipment
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Description
Learn about different types of infectious diseases, including hepatitis, and how they are transmitted. Understand the risks and prevention methods.
