Infections and Toxins: C. perfringens and Clostridium difficile
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Questions and Answers

What type of spores are produced by Clostridium species?

  • Pyramidal spores
  • Cubic spores
  • Linear spores
  • Oval or spherical spores (correct)
  • Which Clostridium species is associated with gas gangrene?

  • Clostridium perfringens (correct)
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Clostridium difficile
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Which toxin causes red blood cell rupture in Clostridium perfringens infections?

  • Collagenase
  • Alpha toxin (correct)
  • DNase
  • Hyaluronidase
  • Which form of food poisoning is associated with Bacillus cereus and fried rice?

    <p>Emetic type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the usual methods of disinfection for Bacillus cereus?

    <p>Ineffective against the pathogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease caused by Clostridium species is more of an intoxication than a foodborne infection?

    <p>Botulism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the causative agent of tetanus or lockjaw?

    <p>Clostridium tetani</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which toxin is elaborated by Clostridium tetani causing tetanus?

    <p>Tetanospasmin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which patients is Clostridium tetani infection most commonly seen?

    <p>IV drug abusers and geriatric patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main therapy for treating gas gangrene?

    <p>Administration of penicillin G</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of toxin is produced during Clostridium difficile infection?

    <p>Enterotoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Clostridium botulinum toxin?

    <p>Neurotoxicity causing muscle paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism produces a terminal spore giving it the characteristic appearance of a 'tennis racket'?

    <p>Clostridium tetani</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method used to diagnose Clostridium botulinum infection?

    <p>Mouse protection tests for botulinum toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is rapid diagnosis of Bacillus anthracis infection done in case of a bioterror attack?

    <p>Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–based assays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic appearance does Clostridium tetani have?

    <p>'Tennis racket' shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Clostridium botulinum infection, where is botulinum toxin demonstrable?

    <p>In mouse protection tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a rapid diagnostic procedure for Bacillus anthracis infection that detects antigens of the organism in the lesion?

    <p>Direct fluorescent antibody test</p> Signup and view all the answers

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