Infections and Toxins: C. perfringens and Clostridium difficile

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Questions and Answers

What type of spores are produced by Clostridium species?

  • Pyramidal spores
  • Cubic spores
  • Linear spores
  • Oval or spherical spores (correct)

Which Clostridium species is associated with gas gangrene?

  • Clostridium perfringens (correct)
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Clostridium difficile
  • Clostridium botulinum

Which toxin causes red blood cell rupture in Clostridium perfringens infections?

  • Collagenase
  • Alpha toxin (correct)
  • DNase
  • Hyaluronidase

Which form of food poisoning is associated with Bacillus cereus and fried rice?

<p>Emetic type (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the usual methods of disinfection for Bacillus cereus?

<p>Ineffective against the pathogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease caused by Clostridium species is more of an intoxication than a foodborne infection?

<p>Botulism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the causative agent of tetanus or lockjaw?

<p>Clostridium tetani (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which toxin is elaborated by Clostridium tetani causing tetanus?

<p>Tetanospasmin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which patients is Clostridium tetani infection most commonly seen?

<p>IV drug abusers and geriatric patients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main therapy for treating gas gangrene?

<p>Administration of penicillin G (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of toxin is produced during Clostridium difficile infection?

<p>Enterotoxin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Clostridium botulinum toxin?

<p>Neurotoxicity causing muscle paralysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism produces a terminal spore giving it the characteristic appearance of a 'tennis racket'?

<p>Clostridium tetani (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the method used to diagnose Clostridium botulinum infection?

<p>Mouse protection tests for botulinum toxin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is rapid diagnosis of Bacillus anthracis infection done in case of a bioterror attack?

<p>Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–based assays (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic appearance does Clostridium tetani have?

<p>'Tennis racket' shape (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Clostridium botulinum infection, where is botulinum toxin demonstrable?

<p>In mouse protection tests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a rapid diagnostic procedure for Bacillus anthracis infection that detects antigens of the organism in the lesion?

<p>Direct fluorescent antibody test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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