Infection Process Overview
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Questions and Answers

What are the four stages of infectious disease?

  • First Line of Defense, Second Line of Defense, Immune Response, Body Defense
  • Direct Contact, Indirect Contact, Droplet Spread, Airborne Transmission
  • Incubation Period, Prodromal Period, Period of Clinical Illness, Convalescence Period (correct)
  • Infectivity, Pathogenicity, Virulence, Infective Dose

    • What are the three main components of the Epidemiological Triad?

  • Direct Contact, Indirect Contact, Droplet Spread
  • Infectivity, Pathogenicity, Virulence
  • First Line of Defense, Second Line of Defense, Immune Response
  • Agent, Host, Environment (correct)

    • What is the difference between a sign and a symptom?

  • Signs and symptoms are both subjective
  • Signs are subjective, symptoms are objective
  • Signs and symptoms are both objective
  • Symptoms are subjective, signs are objective (correct)

    • What are the three main categories of reservoirs of infection?

    <p>Human, Animal, Environmental</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the five main modes of transmission?

    <p>Direct Contact, Indirect Contact, Droplet Spread, Airborne Transmission, Vehicle Transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main types of immunity?

    <p>Active Immunity, Passive Immunity, Subclinical Immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the five moments for hand hygiene?

    <p>Before touching a patient, Before a procedure, After a procedure, After touching a patient, After touching a patient's surroundings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the control systems utilized in controlling infectious diseases?

    <p>Airborne Isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a category recommended for isolation?

    <p>Airborne Isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main aspects of care for patients with communicable diseases?

    <p>Preventive Aspect, Curative Aspect, Rehabilitative Aspect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between active and passive immunity?

    <p>Active immunity is acquired through exposure to pathogens, whereas passive immunity is acquired through the transfer of antibodies from another source.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a strategy for infection prevention and control?

    <p>Genetic Testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Neutrophils?

    <p>Destroy bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukocyte is responsible for destroying infected or cancerous cells?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukocyte is primarily responsible for presenting antigens to T cells?

    <p>Dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of emerging infectious diseases?

    <p>They have been present for a long time but recently became more prevalent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to the emergence and resurgence of infectious diseases in the Philippines?

    <p>Increased Funding for Public Health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between inactivated and attenuated vaccines?

    <p>Inactivated vaccines use whole, dead organisms, while attenuated vaccines use weakened but live organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Enteric Isolation refer to?

    <p>Isolation for individuals with infections of the gastrointestinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of Standard Precautions?

    <p>To prevent the spread of infection from all patients, regardless of their diagnosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of Isolation?

    <p>To separate a patient with a contagious disease from others to prevent the spread of infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important aspect of infection control?

    <p>Handwashing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'virulence' mean in relation to infectious disease?

    <p>Virulence is a measure of a pathogen's ability to cause severe disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diseases like influenza only affect humans.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Isolation is about the limitation of movement of those exposed to a disease.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The body's first line of defense against infection includes ______ and ______.

    <p>skin, mucous membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During ______, the immune system attacks invading pathogens.

    <p>the immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Infection Process

    • Infection: Entry and multiplication of an infectious agent in a host's tissue.
    • Cell or Tissue Colonization: Agent causes no injury to host cells or tissues.
    • Symptomatic: Pathogens multiply, causing clinical signs and symptoms.
    • Communicable: Directly or indirectly transmitted between people.
    • Infectious Disease: Organism damages or alters host physiology.
    • Pathogens: Disease-causing organisms.
    • Nonpathogenic: Organisms that do not cause disease.
    • Virulence: Likelihood of an organism causing disease.
    • Carrier: Harbors organism, transmits it to susceptible host (often asymptomatic).
    • Communicable Disease: Illness caused by infectious agent or its toxic products. Transmitted directly or indirectly.
    • Contact: Close association with infected person, animal, or material.
    • Contagious Disease: Easily transmitted between people.
    • Disinfection: Destruction of pathogens outside the body. Concurrent (immediately after infection) and Terminal (after patient is no longer source).
    • Habitat: Place where an organism is usually found.
    • Host: Person, animal, plant a parasite depends on for survival.
    • Isolation: Limiting movement of people exposed to communicable disease.
    • Quarantine: Separation of individual with a communicable disease from others for a period equivalent to the longest incubation period.
    • Reservoir: Plant or animal where an infectious agent lives and multiplies.
    • Surveillance: Watching, collecting, and recording data from a population or area.
    • Incubation Period: Time between exposure and symptom onset. Agent multiplies, reaches symptomatic population.
    • Prodromal Period: Mild signs/symptoms appear, rapid pathogen multiplication.
    • Clinical Illness Period: Peak pathogen population.
    • Convalescence Period: Gradual recovery, return to baseline.
    • Exogenous Infection: Microorganism from the environment.
    • Endogenous Infection: Microorganism from the host's own normal flora.
    • Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs): Infections acquired in healthcare facilities.

    Infection Prevention and Control

    • Standard Precautions: Universal barriers to prevent contact with blood and infectious materials.
    • Barrier Precautions: Correct PPE use.
    • Workplace Precautions: Prevent needle injuries, safe sharps disposal.
    • Airborne Precautions: Special handling and ventilation.
    • Droplet Precautions: Large particle droplets travel short distances.
    • Contact Precautions: Gloves, mask and gown required.

    Hand Hygiene

    • 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene: Before patient contact, before procedure, after procedure, after patient contact, after touching patient surroundings.

    Disease

    • Signs: Objective, measurable (e.g., fever).
    • Symptoms: Subjective, experienced by the patient (e.g., pain).

    Infection Types

    • Subclinical: Asymptomatic infection.
    • Latent: Inactive organism, potential future infection.

    Epidemiology

    • Endemic: Disease consistently present in a specific region or group.
    • Epidemic: Disease in a greater-than-expected number in a specific area over a particular time.
    • Pandemic: Disease that spreads rapidly to several countries or continents.
    • Sporadic: Diseases that occur irregularly without a specific pattern.

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    Related Documents

    Understanding and Managing Communicable and Infectious Diseases PDF

    Description

    Explore the key concepts related to the infection process, including entry of infectious agents, symptoms, and transmission modes. This quiz covers various aspects of infectious diseases, including pathogenicity and virulence. Test your understanding of how infections spread and the immune response involved.

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