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Questions and Answers
What are the four stages of infectious disease?
What are the four stages of infectious disease?
What are the three main components of the Epidemiological Triad?
What are the three main components of the Epidemiological Triad?
What is the difference between a sign and a symptom?
What is the difference between a sign and a symptom?
What are the three main categories of reservoirs of infection?
What are the three main categories of reservoirs of infection?
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What are the five main modes of transmission?
What are the five main modes of transmission?
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What are the three main types of immunity?
What are the three main types of immunity?
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What are the five moments for hand hygiene?
What are the five moments for hand hygiene?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the control systems utilized in controlling infectious diseases?
Which of the following is NOT one of the control systems utilized in controlling infectious diseases?
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Which of the following is not a category recommended for isolation?
Which of the following is not a category recommended for isolation?
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What are the three main aspects of care for patients with communicable diseases?
What are the three main aspects of care for patients with communicable diseases?
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What is the difference between active and passive immunity?
What is the difference between active and passive immunity?
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Which of the following is NOT a strategy for infection prevention and control?
Which of the following is NOT a strategy for infection prevention and control?
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What is the primary function of Neutrophils?
What is the primary function of Neutrophils?
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Which type of leukocyte is responsible for destroying infected or cancerous cells?
Which type of leukocyte is responsible for destroying infected or cancerous cells?
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Which type of leukocyte is primarily responsible for presenting antigens to T cells?
Which type of leukocyte is primarily responsible for presenting antigens to T cells?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of emerging infectious diseases?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of emerging infectious diseases?
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Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to the emergence and resurgence of infectious diseases in the Philippines?
Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to the emergence and resurgence of infectious diseases in the Philippines?
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What is the main difference between inactivated and attenuated vaccines?
What is the main difference between inactivated and attenuated vaccines?
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What does Enteric Isolation refer to?
What does Enteric Isolation refer to?
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What is the main purpose of Standard Precautions?
What is the main purpose of Standard Precautions?
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What is the main purpose of Isolation?
What is the main purpose of Isolation?
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What is the most important aspect of infection control?
What is the most important aspect of infection control?
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What does the term 'virulence' mean in relation to infectious disease?
What does the term 'virulence' mean in relation to infectious disease?
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Diseases like influenza only affect humans.
Diseases like influenza only affect humans.
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Isolation is about the limitation of movement of those exposed to a disease.
Isolation is about the limitation of movement of those exposed to a disease.
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The body's first line of defense against infection includes ______ and ______.
The body's first line of defense against infection includes ______ and ______.
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During ______, the immune system attacks invading pathogens.
During ______, the immune system attacks invading pathogens.
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Study Notes
Infection Process
- Infection: Entry and multiplication of an infectious agent in a host's tissue.
- Cell or Tissue Colonization: Agent causes no injury to host cells or tissues.
- Symptomatic: Pathogens multiply, causing clinical signs and symptoms.
- Communicable: Directly or indirectly transmitted between people.
- Infectious Disease: Organism damages or alters host physiology.
- Pathogens: Disease-causing organisms.
- Nonpathogenic: Organisms that do not cause disease.
- Virulence: Likelihood of an organism causing disease.
- Carrier: Harbors organism, transmits it to susceptible host (often asymptomatic).
- Communicable Disease: Illness caused by infectious agent or its toxic products. Transmitted directly or indirectly.
- Contact: Close association with infected person, animal, or material.
- Contagious Disease: Easily transmitted between people.
- Disinfection: Destruction of pathogens outside the body. Concurrent (immediately after infection) and Terminal (after patient is no longer source).
- Habitat: Place where an organism is usually found.
- Host: Person, animal, plant a parasite depends on for survival.
- Isolation: Limiting movement of people exposed to communicable disease.
- Quarantine: Separation of individual with a communicable disease from others for a period equivalent to the longest incubation period.
- Reservoir: Plant or animal where an infectious agent lives and multiplies.
- Surveillance: Watching, collecting, and recording data from a population or area.
- Incubation Period: Time between exposure and symptom onset. Agent multiplies, reaches symptomatic population.
- Prodromal Period: Mild signs/symptoms appear, rapid pathogen multiplication.
- Clinical Illness Period: Peak pathogen population.
- Convalescence Period: Gradual recovery, return to baseline.
- Exogenous Infection: Microorganism from the environment.
- Endogenous Infection: Microorganism from the host's own normal flora.
- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs): Infections acquired in healthcare facilities.
Infection Prevention and Control
- Standard Precautions: Universal barriers to prevent contact with blood and infectious materials.
- Barrier Precautions: Correct PPE use.
- Workplace Precautions: Prevent needle injuries, safe sharps disposal.
- Airborne Precautions: Special handling and ventilation.
- Droplet Precautions: Large particle droplets travel short distances.
- Contact Precautions: Gloves, mask and gown required.
Hand Hygiene
- 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene: Before patient contact, before procedure, after procedure, after patient contact, after touching patient surroundings.
Disease
- Signs: Objective, measurable (e.g., fever).
- Symptoms: Subjective, experienced by the patient (e.g., pain).
Infection Types
- Subclinical: Asymptomatic infection.
- Latent: Inactive organism, potential future infection.
Epidemiology
- Endemic: Disease consistently present in a specific region or group.
- Epidemic: Disease in a greater-than-expected number in a specific area over a particular time.
- Pandemic: Disease that spreads rapidly to several countries or continents.
- Sporadic: Diseases that occur irregularly without a specific pattern.
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Description
Explore the key concepts related to the infection process, including entry of infectious agents, symptoms, and transmission modes. This quiz covers various aspects of infectious diseases, including pathogenicity and virulence. Test your understanding of how infections spread and the immune response involved.
