Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does 'nosocomial' mean?
What does 'nosocomial' mean?
- An infection acquired during hospitalization
- Fluid that surrounds the embryo
- Taking place or originating in a hospital (correct)
- An instrument for sterilizing that uses pressurized steam
What is a nosocomial infection?
What is a nosocomial infection?
An infection acquired during hospitalization.
What is the Chain of Infection?
What is the Chain of Infection?
Source -> Portal of exit -> Means of transmission -> Portal of entry -> Susceptible host.
What is the main purpose of housekeeping in a clinical context?
What is the main purpose of housekeeping in a clinical context?
What are standard precautions?
What are standard precautions?
What is an autoclave?
What is an autoclave?
What is a local infection?
What is a local infection?
What is a communicable disease?
What is a communicable disease?
What are engineering controls?
What are engineering controls?
What is HBV (Hepatitis-B) vaccination?
What is HBV (Hepatitis-B) vaccination?
What is a sharps container?
What is a sharps container?
What does susceptibility to infection refer to?
What does susceptibility to infection refer to?
What is a susceptible host?
What is a susceptible host?
What is a source in the context of infection?
What is a source in the context of infection?
What is a portal of exit?
What is a portal of exit?
What does means of transmission refer to?
What does means of transmission refer to?
What is a portal of entry?
What is a portal of entry?
What is amniotic fluid?
What is amniotic fluid?
What is pericardial fluid?
What is pericardial fluid?
What is peritoneal fluid?
What is peritoneal fluid?
What is synovial fluid?
What is synovial fluid?
What is pleural fluid?
What is pleural fluid?
What does edematous refer to?
What does edematous refer to?
What is seminal fluid?
What is seminal fluid?
What is cerebrospinal fluid?
What is cerebrospinal fluid?
Universal precautions require to protect oneself from stool and vomitus only when blood is visible.
Universal precautions require to protect oneself from stool and vomitus only when blood is visible.
What are body fluids linked to the transmission of HIV and hepatitis?
What are body fluids linked to the transmission of HIV and hepatitis?
What are examples of engineering controls?
What are examples of engineering controls?
What are transmission-based precautions?
What are transmission-based precautions?
What should you do if the transmission of a patient's disease is airborne?
What should you do if the transmission of a patient's disease is airborne?
What is the first thing to do if exposed to an accidental biohazard?
What is the first thing to do if exposed to an accidental biohazard?
What is RACE?
What is RACE?
What is a pathogen?
What is a pathogen?
What is normal isolation?
What is normal isolation?
What is reverse/protective isolation?
What is reverse/protective isolation?
You should never take your tray into isolation because it will contaminate equipment.
You should never take your tray into isolation because it will contaminate equipment.
What is autogenous infection?
What is autogenous infection?
What is a biohazard?
What is a biohazard?
What is a blood-borne pathogen?
What is a blood-borne pathogen?
What is category-specific isolation?
What is category-specific isolation?
What is disease-specific isolation?
What is disease-specific isolation?
What does personal protective equipment (PPE) consist of?
What does personal protective equipment (PPE) consist of?
What is a systemic infection?
What is a systemic infection?
What is direct contact in the context of infection transmission?
What is direct contact in the context of infection transmission?
What is indirect contact?
What is indirect contact?
What is droplet transmission?
What is droplet transmission?
What does vehicle transmission refer to?
What does vehicle transmission refer to?
What is airborne transmission?
What is airborne transmission?
What does vector transmission mean?
What does vector transmission mean?
What is the most important way to prevent the spread of infection?
What is the most important way to prevent the spread of infection?
What is an acceptable alternative to hand washing?
What is an acceptable alternative to hand washing?
What types of antiseptics are used?
What types of antiseptics are used?
What is used to clean and disinfect countertops?
What is used to clean and disinfect countertops?
What is the Needle Safety Act?
What is the Needle Safety Act?
What is the Engineering Control Plan?
What is the Engineering Control Plan?
What characteristics should devices on the Engineering Control Plan have?
What characteristics should devices on the Engineering Control Plan have?
What are Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)?
What are Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)?
What does hazard identification colors mean?
What does hazard identification colors mean?
What are Class A fire extinguishers used for?
What are Class A fire extinguishers used for?
What are Class B fire extinguishers used for?
What are Class B fire extinguishers used for?
What are Class C fire extinguishers used for?
What are Class C fire extinguishers used for?
What are Class D fire extinguishers used for?
What are Class D fire extinguishers used for?
How can you protect from radiation on the job?
How can you protect from radiation on the job?
Where do all gloves go?
Where do all gloves go?
What are three reasons to wear gloves?
What are three reasons to wear gloves?
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Study Notes
Nosocomial Infections
- Nosocomial refers to conditions originating in a hospital setting.
- Nosocomial infections are infections that a patient acquires during hospitalization.
Chain of Infection
- Disease transmission follows a specific pathway: Source -> Portal of exit -> Means of transmission -> Portal of entry -> Susceptible host.
Infection Control Practices
- Housekeeping practices are essential for decreasing the risk of blood-borne pathogen exposure, including immediate cleanup of spills and using tools to pick up sharp objects.
- Standard precautions entail wearing gloves at all times, hand hygiene, protective attire, and proper needle disposal.
- Engineering controls involve devices designed to minimize the risk of transferring infectious diseases.
Vaccination and Needle Safety
- Hepatitis B vaccination consists of three injections over six months, required and provided for free to phlebotomists.
- Sharps containers are essential for safely disposing of needles, scalpels, and syringes.
Susceptibility and Infection Types
- Susceptibility to infection varies by individual factors such as existing health conditions and age.
- Local infections remain confined to a specific body area, while systemic infections affect the entire body.
Isolation Practices
- Normal isolation safeguards the community from infections, while reverse isolation protects patients from external infections.
- Category-specific isolation is based on infection type.
Latex Allergies
- Type 1 latex allergy is severe and life-threatening, with symptoms like respiratory distress.
- Type 4 latex allergy involves minor irritation and occurs 24-72 hours after contact.
Responding to Accidental Biohazards
- Key immediate actions include washing exposed areas and reporting the incident, followed by potential testing for Hepatitis B and HIV, if necessary.
RACE Instruction for Emergencies
- RACE stands for Rescue, Alarm, Contain, and Extinguish for managing fire emergencies.
Pathogens and Fluids
- Pathogens are microorganisms that can cause diseases.
- Various body fluids facilitate the spread of viruses like HIV and hepatitis.
Antiseptics and Cleaning Protocols
- Acceptable antiseptics for hand hygiene include 70% isopropyl alcohol and chlorhexidine gluconate.
- A cleaning solution for surfaces should contain a 10% bleach mixture, made fresh each day.
Fire Extinguishers and Classes of Fires
- Different classes of fire extinguishers are used for specific types of fires:
- Class A: Combustible materials (wood, paper).
- Class B: Flammable liquids and gases.
- Class C: Electrical fires.
- Class D: Reactive metals.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
- PPE includes gloves, lab coats, masks, and shields to protect healthcare workers from exposure to infectious materials.
Gloves Usage
- Gloves are crucial for preventing the transfer of microorganisms between patients and protecting healthcare workers from infections.
Hazards and Safety Protocols
- Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) provide information about chemical hazards, and hazard identification uses color codes (blue for health, red for flammability) for safety.
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