Infection Control in Dentistry

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Questions and Answers

Why should clinical staff remove rings before putting on gloves?

  • Wearing rings can cause allergic reactions to the gloves.
  • Rings are considered decorative and not practical.
  • They impair correct handwashing and promote microorganism growth. (correct)
  • Rings make it difficult to put on gloves correctly.

What is considered the least effective method for drying hands according to the practices mentioned?

  • Paper towels
  • Jet air dryers (correct)
  • Hot air dryers
  • Cloth towels

Which of the following viruses is linked to gastrointestinal infections and emphasizes the need for proper hand hygiene?

  • Norovirus (correct)
  • Ebola virus
  • Influenza virus
  • HIV

What is the recommended nail maintenance for clinical staff?

<p>Short, natural nails without polish (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of wearing rings on the hands of clinical staff?

<p>They increase the carriage rate of Gram-negative bacteria. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should each dental practice have regarding infection prevention and control related to hand hygiene?

<p>A clear policy statement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is most likely to support proper hand hygiene in a clinical setting?

<p>Implementing a paper towel system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about hot air dryers in clinical settings?

<p>They do not spread microorganisms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which items are classified as critical according to the Spaulding classification?

<p>Sharps (B), Invasive instruments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key compliance point when using gloves?

<p>Gloves must never be reused. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is handwashing preferred over alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR)?

<p>When hands are visibly dirty. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of wearing masks during instrument cleaning?

<p>To prevent contamination from respiratory droplets. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic should the design of a reprocessing area have?

<p>It should allow for a smooth workflow. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key compliance point for eyewear during instrument cleaning?

<p>They must not interfere with other PPE. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a semi-critical item?

<p>Endoscopes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important step after ultrasonic cleaning?

<p>Inspect instruments for cleanliness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of professionals comprise the committee focused on infection prevention and control?

<p>Registered dentists, dental specialists, and non-dentists who are experts in infection prevention (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization developed the guidelines that are recognized as a key resource for the NHMRC?

<p>Australian Dental Association (ADA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which committee reviewed the documents developed by the Infection Prevention and Control Committee before their endorsement?

<p>Federal Infection Control Expert Group (ICEG) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of the ADA's Guidelines for Infection Prevention and Control by the Dental Board of Australia as of May 2021?

<p>A mandatory resource for dental practitioners (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year were the guidelines finalized that are referenced by the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Healthcare?

<p>2021 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups primarily contributed to the development of infection prevention and control standards?

<p>Public health sector and private sector experts in infection prevention (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ADA’s Guidelines for Infection Prevention and Control serve as a reference for which country's dental council's practice standard?

<p>New Zealand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is emphasized for all registered dental practitioners regarding the guidelines?

<p>They should familiarize themselves with the guidelines. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of viruses are primarily transmitted through blood-to-blood contact?

<p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Bowie-Dick Test?

<p>To assess air removal and steam penetration for porous loads (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of professionals is classified as Clinical Support Staff Members?

<p>Dental assistants and dental technicians (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a fit check entail?

<p>Testing the application of a P2 respirator (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following procedures is considered an exposure-prone procedure (EPP)?

<p>Endodontic surgical procedures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Communicable Diseases Network Australia (CDNA) play?

<p>Coordinating public health efforts for communicable diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT typical of Clinical Support Staff Members?

<p>They perform dental surgeries independently (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of identifying the load number during the processing of sharp instruments?

<p>To track which instruments are sterilized (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average risk of transmission of the hepatitis C virus (HCV)?

<p>3% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method by which microorganisms can spread in a dental practice setting?

<p>Ingestion of food (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributes to a patient's susceptibility to infection?

<p>Age (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From an infected patient to a healthcare worker, what is the average risk of transmission for HIV/AIDS?

<p>0.3% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which practice is essential for infection prevention and control in dental settings?

<p>Regular surface decontamination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which airborne infectious agent can be transmitted during dental procedures?

<p>Human viral influenza (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common indirect means through which microorganisms can spread in a dental office?

<p>Contamination of dental staff's hands or clothing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an effective measure to reduce the spread of microorganisms?

<p>Limiting surface contamination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) in Dentistry

Methods to prevent the spread of infections in dental settings, including hand hygiene, PPE, and instrument reprocessing.

Microorganism Transmission

Microorganisms can spread through direct contact (skin-to-skin), indirect contact (through objects), and airborne transmission (inhaling droplets).

Handwashing in Dentistry

Frequent and thorough handwashing is crucial in dentistry to minimize the spread of germs.

Alcohol-based Hand Rub (ABHR)

Alcohol-based hand rub can be used as an alternative to handwashing in specific situations, but it should be used correctly.

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Rings and Hand Hygiene

Dental professionals must remove all jewelry (especially rings) before gloving due to the risk of harboring bacteria and hindering proper handwashing.

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Protective clothing worn to minimize the risk of contamination with bodily fluids and prevent cross-infection.

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Gloves in Dentistry

Gloves worn for each patient to protect both the patient and the dental professional from cross-contamination.

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Dental Masks

Masks worn to prevent the inhalation of airborne droplets containing infectious microorganisms.

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Eyewear in Dentistry

Protective eyewear like goggles or face shields are worn to prevent eye contamination with infectious materials.

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Protective Clothing in Dentistry

Clean lab coats or gowns are worn to minimize the risk of contamination with bodily fluids and prevent cross-infection.

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Footwear in Dentistry

Closed-toe shoes should be worn to prevent foot contamination and reduce the risk of infection.

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Categories of Instruments

Instruments are categorized into three categories: critical (invasive), semi-critical (touching mucous membranes), and non-critical (touching intact skin).

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Reprocessing Area

A dedicated area for cleaning and sterilizing instruments, with strict procedures to prevent contamination.

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Instrument Cleaning

Instruments need thorough cleaning through pre-cleaning, rinsing, and mechanical or manual cleaning to remove visible debris and microorganisms.

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Instrument Sterilization

Instruments are sterilized to eliminate ALL microorganisms, using methods like steam sterilization or dry heat sterilization.

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Cleanliness in Dental Environments

Maintaining a clean and disinfected clinical environment is essential to prevent the spread of infections.

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Surface Contamination Control

Regularly disinfecting all surfaces in a dental practice prevents microbial growth and reduces the risk of cross-contamination.

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Exposure Proneness Procedures (EPP)

Procedures like oral surgery and endodontics, where open tissues are exposed to the clinician's hands, require strict infection prevention measures.

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Blood-borne Virus Transmission

EPPs carry a higher risk of blood-borne virus (HBV, HCV, HIV) transmission, requiring stricter infection prevention measures.

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ADA Infection Prevention and Control Committee

The American Dental Association's (ADA) infection prevention and control guidelines are developed by a diverse committee with dental and IPC expertise.

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Document Review of ADA Guidelines

The ADA guidelines are reviewed and endorsed by reputable organizations like the Australian Health Protection Principal Committee (AHPPC) and the Dental Board of Australia.

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Recognition of ADA Guidelines

The ADA's infection prevention and control guidelines are widely accepted and referenced by various organizations, including the NHMRC and the New Zealand Dental Council.

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Infection Control Practices

Procedures used to prevent the spread of infections in dental settings.

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Alcohol-based Hand Rub (ABHR)

The use of alcohol-based hand rubs to reduce microbial counts.

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High-Touch Surface Disinfection

Surfaces that are frequently touched, like door handles, should be cleaned often.

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Instrument Reprocessing

To prevent the spread of infection, instruments are cleaned and sterilized.

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Instrument Sterilization

The act of making instruments free from harmful microorganisms.

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Semi-Critical Procedures

Procedures like fillings and crowns that involve touching mucous membranes.

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Infection Prevention

A general term for using equipment and practices to minimize exposure to pathogens.

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Study Notes

Infection Prevention and Control in Dental Practices

  • Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) in Dentistry: IPC is crucial to prevent the spread of infectious diseases in dental settings.
  • Microorganism Transmission: Microorganisms can spread through direct contact, indirect contact (through instruments, equipment, contaminated surfaces), and airborne transmission (inhalation of infectious particles).
  • Hand Hygiene:
    • Bare Below the Elbows: Dental professionals should have bare hands and forearms, removing all jewelry.
    • Handwashing: Frequent and thorough handwashing is crucial. Paper towels are preferred for drying hands over hot air dryers.
    • Alcohol-based Hand Rub (ABHR): ABHR can be used in specific situations as an alternative to handwashing.
    • Rings: Rings should be removed before gloving, as they can hinder proper handwashing and increase the risk of microbial growth.
  • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
    • Gloves: Wear appropriate clean gloves for each patient.
    • Masks: Wear a mask that filters out airborne droplets.
    • Eye Protection: Use protective eyewear to prevent eye contamination.
    • Protective Clothing: Wear a clean lab coat or gown.
    • Footwear: Wear a closed-toe shoe to prevent foot contamination.
  • Instrument Reprocessing:
    • Categories of Instruments: Classify instruments based on their level of risk (critical, semi-critical, non-critical).
    • Reprocessing Area: Have a designated area for cleaning and sterilizing instruments, with proper workflow.
    • Cleaning: Clean instruments thoroughly through pre-cleaning, rinsing, and mechanical or manual cleaning.
    • Sterilization: Sterilize instruments using appropriate methods (e.g., steam sterilization, dry heat sterilization) to eliminate all microorganisms.
  • Environment:
    • Cleanliness: Maintain a clean and disinfected clinical environment.
    • Surface Contamination: Regularly decontaminate all surfaces to prevent microbial growth.
  • Exposure Proneness Procedures:
    • Exposure Proneness Procedures (EPP): Procedures such as oral surgery and endodontic procedures, where the patient’s open tissues are exposed to the clinician's hands.
    • Blood-borne Virus Transmission: High-risk procedures require extensive attention to IPC to minimize the risk of blood-borne virus (HBV, HCV, HIV) transmission.
  • Committee Expertise: The ADA's guidelines are developed by a committee comprised of registered dentists, dental specialists, and non-dentists with expertise in IPC. They represent the dental profession on various national committees, including the NHMRC and CDNA.
  • Document Review: The guidelines are reviewed and endorsed by various organizations, including the Australian Health Protection Principal Committee (AHPPC) and the Dental Board of Australia.
  • Resource Recognition: The ADA's guidelines are recognized as a key resource for infection prevention and control in dental practice and are referenced by other organizations, including the NHMRC and the New Zealand Dental Council.

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Related Documents

ADA 2021 Infection Control Guidelines PDF

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