Infection Control and Respiratory Therapy Quiz

Automated dispensing machines help manage drug inventory by automatically refilling when supplies reach a predetermined minimum level. This process reduces pharmacists' dispensing time and relies on pharmacy technicians to handle inventory.

Cleaning pharmacy equipment, such as trolleys and trays, reduces the risk of microbial contamination during drug preparation.

Sterile equipment must be carefully prepared to ensure they remain free of microbial contamination. This is crucial for preventing infection during medication administration.

Aprons used by healthcare workers during drug preparation provide a barrier against potential contamination from both the worker and the procedure. This helps protect both the worker and the patient.

Non-sterile gloves protect healthcare workers from potential contamination from blood or bodily fluids during drug preparation.

Sterile gloves are worn to prevent microbial contamination of key sites during drug preparation. This ensures the medication is free from contaminants before administration.

Intravenous drug administration, while a common practice, carries a risk of infection. Following aseptic techniques during preparation and administration helps reduce this risk.

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are infections contracted in a healthcare setting. These infections can be caused by various factors, including invasive procedures and inadequate infection control measures.

A device used to measure the pressure in an endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff, ensuring proper inflation and preventing complications.

A small, inflatable balloon attached to the endotracheal tube that seals the airway around the tube.

A connection point on the cuff pressure gauge that allows attachment to a pilot balloon, which inflates the cuff.

A hand-operated bulb used to inflate the ETT cuff.

Allows gradual release of air from the ETT cuff, reducing pressure.

Visual indicator on the cuff pressure gauge that shows the pressure level in the cuff.

The recommended pressure range for the ETT cuff, displayed on the gauge as a colored wedge.

The process of inflating the ETT cuff to create a seal, while checking for air leaks and adjusting pressure to stay within safe limits.

Filters that capture heat and moisture exhaled by the patient, like a mini-humidifier.

Filters that capture particles, including viruses, bacteria, and dust, but not heat or moisture.

A measure of how well a filter captures particles in the air. A higher VFE means the filter is more efficient.

A condition where the patient's airways become dry due to loss of moisture during breathing. This can lead to discomfort and potential complications.

These are conditions that prevent or make it unwise to use a particular treatment or procedure.

The upper airways contribute significantly to humidifying inhaled air during mechanical ventilation, providing 75% of the moisture.

Using a humidifier, like an HME, within the breathing circuit can help replicate the normal humidification process. It's crucial for maintaining healthy airways and preventing complications like mucus build-up.

It's incorrect to place an HME filter between the breathing circuit and the soda lime absorber because it increases the risk of hazardous compounds like carbon monoxide building up.

Using an HME filter directly on the inspiratory hose can be challenging since it makes it harder for air to be drawn into the lungs.

Strong bases in soda lime can react with certain anesthetic gases, like sevoflurane, creating potentially harmful byproducts.

Because filters trap pathogens, they are highly recommended to prevent the spread of infection. It's crucial to use HEPA filters as they are effective in both wet and dry conditions.

HEPA filters offer better protection against airborne particles compared to electrostatic filters when they get wet.

Filters should be placed between the breathing circuit and the expiratory hose to act as a barrier against pathogens when the breathing circuit is disconnected.

A type of breathing circuit that requires a high fresh gas flow to prevent rebreathing. It's named after the English physician Magill.

This circuit is named after Dr. Waters and is known for its 'to and fro' movement of gases. It's a simple and lightweight circuit but requires a high fresh gas flow.

Known as the Bain circuit, this is a coaxial system with the fresh gas inlet inside the breathing tube and exhalation through the outer tube. Requires a moderate fresh gas flow for spontaneous ventilation.

A simple T-piece system named after Dr. Ayre's. Requires a high fresh gas flow for controlled ventilation, as rebreathing is a concern.

A modification of the Mapleson A circuit, with minimal dead space and low resistance to breathing. However, it still requires a high fresh gas flow and has limitations for controlled ventilation.

A breathing system where the volume of fresh gases delivered into the system is equal to the volume received by the patient. The exhaled gas, after CO2 absorption, is entirely recycled back to the patient.

Using high fresh gas flow (greater than 5L/min) helps to minimize heat and moisture loss during anesthesia. It's like flushing out the system with fresh air.

A system's ability to remove waste gases from the breathing circuit is crucial to prevent anesthetic agent buildup in the operating room. Insufficient waste gas excretion can lead to a high concentration of anesthetic in the room.

Heat and Moisture Exchanger (HME) or filter designed to retain moisture from exhaled breath on the patient side. It improves patient humidification when placed directly in contact with the endotracheal tube (ETT) port.

This assembly prevents contamination of the gas measurement unit and the entire anesthesia system by ensuring moisture from the patient's breath is retained.

Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation (UVGI) is a method to reduce microbial contamination in operating rooms (OR) by using UV light. It is more cost-effective than laminar airflow systems.

Low-pressure mercury lamps and pulsed xenon lamps are commonly used UVGI technologies.

The effectiveness of UV disinfection depends on the distance between the light source and the surface being disinfected. The closer the light source, the stronger the effect.

A breathing system that limits the amount of fresh gas used, while exhaled gases are recycled back to the patient, allowing for conservation of anesthetic agents.

The process of ensuring a medical device functions within its specified parameters and is safe to use.

A list of checks performed on an anesthesia machine before use to ensure safety and proper function.

Regularly checking the oxygen cylinder, including its pressure level, ensures a sufficient supply is available during surgery.